Beyond vows and wedding rings, these seven wedding customs exhibit international traditions of love.

Love is universal, but also multifaceted and varied. For couples that choose to get married, the universal yet unique nature of love translates into exciting wedding traditions around the world. Although some couples opt to create their own contemporary commemorations, many lovebirds look towards cultural customs when celebrating their big day. Whether during the ceremony, reception or pre-wedding festivities, global traditions persist and are honored in modern weddings. For centuries couples have developed and practiced these seven ways to display their affection and commitment on, around and after their wedding day.

1. Mehndi — India, Pakistan, Middle East, Africa

Mehndi, also referred to as Mehendi and/or Mehandi, is an intersection of celebration and art. Although its country of origin is unclear, this body art, made from dry, powdered leaves of the henna plant, is practiced in India, Pakistan, some countries in Africa and parts of the Middle East; many historians claim that Mehndi originated as a practice in India at least 5,000 years ago. It can be worn at Hindu, Sikh and Muslim weddings. The henna plant is incorporated into a paste, often dark brown or reddish brown in color, that is used to create intricate designs on the hands and feet of the bride. These beautiful designs, painted during a pre-wedding body painting ceremony, can include floral patterns, religious figures, the names of the bride and her partner, and even personal, sentimental details. Wearing Mehndi during a wedding is said to bring good luck and health to the couple’s marriage.

2. Cutting the Tie — Spain

Although cutting up an article of clothing on a person’s wedding day may seem alarming, this tradition, hailing from Spain, is conducted with entirely good intentions. In a post-wedding ceremony — during the reception — a groom's tie is cut up into tiny pieces by the groomsmen or close friends. The pieces of the tie are then extravagantly auctioned off to wedding guests in exchange for modest, or even large, sums of money. Despite guests only receiving a small sliver of fabric after gifting their own money, the purpose of auctioning off the tie is to give the groom and their partner one last monetary gift. Beyond representing financial abundance and luck, “cutting the tie” also represents the guests’ investment in and good intentions towards the couple.

3. The Symbolism of Red — China

Not attached to one specific element of the ceremony, the color red is often incorporated into weddings in China. The rise to popularity of the color red may have begun during the Ming Dynasty, over six hundred and fifty years ago. Red can be worn as the primary color of various garments — whether they be suits, dresses (the bridal gown is often called a qipao), jackets or veils, along with floral arrangements, candles, invitations and other decor. Perhaps the versatility and prominence of red can be attributed to its many meanings. Red can symbolize luck, joy, prosperity, happiness, honor, love, loyalty and even fertility.

4. Money Spray — West Africa

This tradition is straight out of a couple’s dream. In this custom, which is popular in Nigeria and other parts of West Africa, but specifically originated with the Yoruba people in Nigeria’s Southwest, the newly-wedded couple is showered with money at their reception by family and friends. People dance and laugh while spraying the money, creating a palpable upbeat energy. During the reception and money spray, the newlyweds commonly wear traditional garments of the Yoruba people. Brides wear an Iro and Buba, a combination of draped and wrapped fabric on top of a blouse that is often colorful and/or patterned, and grooms wear an Agbada, an elegant loose-fitting robe. The subsequent money spray symbolizes good fortune and happiness for the couple that guests feel.

5. Claddagh Ring — Ireland

The Irish tradition of wearing a Claddagh ring symbolizes a person’s relationship status and, more specifically, can visually depict their shift into marriage. The Claddagh ring is made up of hands grasping a heart adorned with a crown. Depending on the hand the ring is worn on and direction of the heart, different relationship statuses are depicted: wearing a Claddagh ring on the right hand facing outwards depicts a single status, while the right hand facing inwards indicates the person is in a relationship; the left hand facing outwards represents engagement, and the left hand facing inwards shows that the person is married. Claddagh rings can serve purely as the engagement and wedding rings, or can be worn in addition to international-style Western wedding and engagement rings. Commonly worn by brides, Claddagh rings can be passed down through generations of women in families.

6. Stefana — Greece

Ornate and delicate, Stefana are crowns commonly worn during Greek Orthodox Wedding Ceremonies. Although Stefana were traditionally made of vines, branches and flowers, modern Stefana can be made of metal with gemstones. Stefana are worn by both partners during the wedding and, during the wedding ceremony, are connected by a ribbon or thread going from one person’s head to the other. The ribbon symbolizes the strong connection between the couple, and the crowns as a whole can symbolize unity, love, faith and loyalty. During a traditional Greek Orthodox Wedding ceremony, these crowns are also blessed by a priest.

7. Hapgeunrye, or Cup Drinking — Korea

In Korea, Hapgeunrye is a ceremony where the couple drinks from the same cup. The tradition, however, varies depending on the region and preferences of the couple. In some cases, the couple will drink from the same metal cup while in others the couple will drink from two halves of the same gourd. In both cases, the rite occurs during the wedding ceremony itself and the liquid drunk from the cup is often a type of liquor. This custom symbolizes the couple being united as one entity, recognizing their respect for each other and the harmony they hope will be fostered in their relationship.

Carina Cole is a Media Studies student with a Correlate in Creative Writing at Vassar College. She is an avid journalist and occasional flash fiction writer. Her passion for writing overlaps with environmentalism, feminism, social justice, and a desire to travel beyond the United States. When she’s not writing, you can find her meticulously curating playlists or picking up a paintbrush.