Before Disney: 5 of the Most Elegant Castles in the World

Majestic castles have been a staple of medieval imagery for centuries. Here are some of the most fantastical to ever have been built.

Neuschwanstein Castle in Germany. Thomas Wolf. CC BY-SA 3.0

Throughout history, numerous cultures have dedicated abundant money and resources to building castles. From soaring towers on scenic cliffs to utilitarian structures, these majestic buildings mark an astonishing amount of land around the world.

But out of all of these castles, there are a few that stand out for their uniqueness — whether it be for their history, architecture, location or one-in-a-million beauty. This list highlights five of the most incredible castles in the world, all of which should be on every traveler’s bucket list.

Himeji Castle, Japan

The main structure of Himeji Castle. Gorgo. CC0

Also known as “White Heron Castle,” Himeji Castle is lauded as Japan’s best-preserved and most beautiful palace. Throughout history, wars, sieges and natural disasters have laid waste to almost every castle in Japan. Himeji is one of only twelve castles that have never been destroyed. Its immense, 80-building structure has remained completely intact since its construction in 1609. The main palace, a colossal wooden building of six stories, provides visitors with an incredible view of the sprawling grounds, a labyrinthine maze of winding paths and defensive barracks.

The city of Himeji, which lies at the foot of the castle, is also a popular spot for viewing Japan’s world-famous cherry blossoms. During Golden Week and the summer holiday, wait times to enter Himeji Castle can rise astronomically. Nonetheless, the view from the top is undoubtedly worth the wait during the seasons when these gorgeous trees are in full bloom.

Mont Saint-Michel, France

Mont Saint-Michel and its reflection in the bay. Lynx1211. CC BY-SA 4.0

Sitting atop an island in the middle of an idyllic bay, Mont Saint-Michel is a destination straight out of a fairy tale. The site was originally built as an abbey, constructed over several centuries with the funds of various French kings and dukes of Normandy. Over time, Mont Saint-Michel attracted monks from all across Europe and continues to remain a major Catholic pilgrimage site. The walls around the base of the island were added in an effort to keep the English out and provide reinforcement against centuries of conflict across the English Channel.

Today, the abbey is open to the public, with its gorgeous architecture and rich history on display. Visitors can explore the monks’ promenade, the refectory in which they took their meals and the glorious central church.

Peles Castle, Romania

A snapshot of Peles Castle. Marcin Szala. CC BY-SA 3.0

In 1872, the king of Romania purchased roughly two square miles to transform into a royal hunting ground. The next year, the king decided to construct what would become one of the world’s most beautiful castles. Situated in a fairy-tale mountain range, Peles Castle was initially used as a summer home for royalty but is now a museum open to the public.

Peles Castle has received many foreign dignitaries to Romania — including several US presidents — and has been featured in a handful of Hollywood movies. Many of the palace’s 170 rooms are dedicated to different cultures and art styles from over the centuries. Whether you’re interested in the architecture, the artistry or the celebrity guest list, Peles Castle is an unmissable sight that deserves a spot on the bucket list.

Prague Castle, Czech Republic

The massive Prague Castle. Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 4.0

By far the largest ancient castle in the world ( a vast 18 square acres), Prague Castle is also one of the most popular tourist destinations in Prague. Construction on the site began back in 870 when the central Church of the Virgin Mary was built. In the 14th century, the grounds were expanded into a fully functional fortress, after which the castle was reconstructed several times. When the nation was divided into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Communist influence was driven out of the region, and the castle became both the seat of the Head of State and a public museum.

Although visitors can view the grounds on their own, guided tours are the best way to experience Prague Castle. After making a tour reservation well in advance, guests will be taken into the Royal Crypt, the Saint Wenceslas Chapel and a variety of other locations that are normally off-limits.

Neuschwanstein Castle, Germany

Neuschwanstein in the heart of the German winter. Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 4.0

Neuschwanstein Castle, situated just miles from the border between Germany and Austria, is perhaps one of Europe’s most scenic and beautiful castles. Literally translated to “New Swan Stone” in English, Neuschwanstein was initially built both as a summer home and as a tribute to Richard Wagner and his classic opera “Knight of the Swan.” Although the king who commissioned the castle would not live to see its completion, construction continued after his death, and Neuschwanstein became one of the most storied palaces on Earth.

The castle’s biggest claim to fame is its status as the primary inspiration behind Disneyland’s Sleeping Beauty Castle. Due to security reasons, Neuschwanstein can only be accessed through guided tours, and photography of the interior is strictly prohibited. However (speaking from experience), the magnificent beauty of this mountain palace is unforgettable, even without pictures to look back on.

Castles are some of the greatest architectural feats that humanity has ever designed. They retain a majesty and presence that no other architecture can claim, and their status as icons of an entire era of history is unrivaled. If you’ve ever wanted to explore the past or experience the wildest fancies of the royal ruling class, look no further than these incredible destinations

A snapshot of Peles Castle. Marcin Szala. CC BY-SA 3.0

In 1872, the king of Romania purchased roughly two square miles to transform into a royal hunting ground. The next year, the king decided to construct what would become one of the world’s most beautiful castles. Situated in a fairy-tale mountain range, Peles Castle was initially used as a summer home for royalty but is now a museum open to the public.

Peles Castle has received many foreign dignitaries to Romania — including several US presidents — and has been featured in a handful of Hollywood movies. Many of the palace’s 170 rooms are dedicated to different cultures and art styles from over the centuries. Whether you’re interested in the architecture, the artistry or the celebrity guest list, Peles Castle is an unmissable sight that deserves a spot on the bucket list.

Prague Castle, Czech Republic

The massive Prague Castle. Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 4.0

By far the largest ancient castle in the world ( a vast 18 square acres), Prague Castle is also one of the most popular tourist destinations in Prague. Construction on the site began back in 870 when the central Church of the Virgin Mary was built. In the 14th century, the grounds were expanded into a fully functional fortress, after which the castle was reconstructed several times. When the nation was divided into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Communist influence was driven out of the region, and the castle became both the seat of the Head of State and a public museum.

Although visitors can view the grounds on their own, guided tours are the best way to experience Prague Castle. After making a tour reservation well in advance, guests will be taken into the Royal Crypt, the Saint Wenceslas Chapel and a variety of other locations that are normally off-limits.

Neuschwanstein Castle, Germany

Neuschwanstein in the heart of the German winter. Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 4.0

Neuschwanstein Castle, situated just miles from the border between Germany and Austria, is perhaps one of Europe’s most scenic and beautiful castles. Literally translated to “New Swan Stone” in English, Neuschwanstein was initially built both as a summer home and as a tribute to Richard Wagner and his classic opera “Knight of the Swan.” Although the king who commissioned the castle would not live to see its completion, construction continued after his death, and Neuschwanstein became one of the most storied palaces on Earth.

The castle’s biggest claim to fame is its status as the primary inspiration behind Disneyland’s Sleeping Beauty Castle. Due to security reasons, Neuschwanstein can only be accessed through guided tours, and photography of the interior is strictly prohibited. However (speaking from experience), the magnificent beauty of this mountain palace is unforgettable, even without pictures to look back on.

Castles are some of the greatest architectural feats that humanity has ever designed. They retain a majesty and presence that no other architecture can claim, and their status as icons of an entire era of history is unrivaled. If you’ve ever wanted to explore the past or experience the wildest fancies of the royal ruling class, look no further than these incredible destinations.

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Ryan Livingston

Ryan is a senior at The College of New Jersey, majoring in English and minoring in marketing. Since a young age, Ryan has been passionate about human rights and environmental action and uses his writing to educate wherever he can. He hopes to pursue a career in professional writing and spread his message even further.

My Road Trip Across The Balkans

Photographer Laura Grier shares her adventures through Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro and more.

Macedonia. Laura Grier.

Imagine hitting the road with your best friends, traveling through the breathtaking Balkans, in the heart of the former Yugoslavia. A journey through some of the most stunning landscapes in Europe, this epic road trip was also a personal milestone for me as I celebrated visiting my 100th country along the way.

Although many Americans don’t often travel to this part of the world, Eastern Europe is a hidden gem — safe, welcoming and incredibly affordable. Crossing borders was a breeze, even though we didn’t speak the local languages. Everywhere we went, from bustling cities to quaint villages, we were greeted with warm smiles and genuine hospitality.

The mix of rich history, mouth-watering food and awe-inspiring nature made my trip unforgettable. Whether exploring medieval fortresses perched on cliffs, wandering through picturesque towns, or relaxing by crystal-clear lakes, every moment offered a new adventure. A must-visit destination for any adventurous traveler, this beautiful and often overlooked part of the world is a treasure trove of experiences waiting to be discovered.

1. Bosnia

Mostar Bridge:

The iconic Stari Most, or Mostar Bridge, is both a stunning example of Ottoman architecture and the site of a centuries-old tradition. As a rite of passage in Bosnia, young men often gather on the bridge to prove their bravery by diving 70 feet into the Neretva River which runs below.

Jajce:

The town of Jajce, with its picturesque waterfalls and medieval charm, looks like something out of a fairy tale. Perched high up on a hill between the crossroads of two rivers, this enchanting walled city is also the birthplace of Yugoslavia, making the village as historically significant as it is beautiful.

2. Macedonia

Lake Ohrid:

Lake Ohrid, one of Europe's oldest and deepest lakes, cradles the ancient city of Ohrid. Believed to be the oldest human settlement in Europe, archaeological evidence suggests that the area has been inhabited for over 7,000 years. One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Europe, the town itself dates back to at least the 4th century BCE. Featuring serene waters and historic sites, Ohrid is truly a gem amongst UNESCO World Heritage sites.

Bay of Bones:

The Bay of Bones is an extraordinary archaeological site that reconstructs an ancient lake settlement from 1200 B.C.E. The floating village, resting upon Lake Ohrid, offers a glimpse into the life of Macedonia's earliest inhabitants. The actual ruins of the original settlement lie underwater, just beneath the recreated floating village. You can even book a snorkeling or scuba tour to explore them up close!

Matka Lake:

Located in Macedonia’s Matka Canyon, Matka Lake is a haven for nature lovers and adventurers alike. Beyond crystal-clear waters and dramatic cliffs, this stunning natural gorge is also home to hidden caves and medieval monasteries, making it a must-visit in Macedonia. You can hike up the nearby mountain to visit the church at the top and then hike back down to swim and do watersports in the lake. However, it’s important to remember that the water temperature can be as cold as 48 degrees Fahrenheit depending on the season. The lake's cool temperature is due to the depth of the canyon and the icy waters from nearby underground springs, making it feel more like a polar plunge!

3. Croatia

Plitvice Lakes:

Visiting Plitvice Lakes National Park feels like stepping into a fantasy, with its breathtaking wonderland of cascading waterfalls, lush greenery and mesmerizing turquoise lakes. This UNESCO World Heritage site is Croatia's natural treasure, captivating visitors with its otherworldly beauty. Plitvice is home to 16 interconnected lakes, each more stunning than the next. I was obsessed with the beautiful neon green moss that covered everything around them. 

Dubrovnik:

Dubrovnik, often called the "Pearl of the Adriatic," is a city where history comes alive. With ancient stone walls, charming streets and panoramic views of the sparkling sea, this medieval city is a stunning blend of ancient architecture and vibrant culture. In Dubrovnik, "Game of Thrones" fans will recognize numerous filming locations from the series, such as King's Landing. Walking through the town’s streets might just feel like stepping into Westeros!

Split:

In Split, the past and present beautifully collide. Once the site of a Roman emperor's palace, Split is a vibrant blend of ancient history and modern life. With its sprawling complex of ruins, the UNESCO-listed Diocletian's Palace forms the heart of this bustling coastal city. The narrow streets are interconnected and labyrinthine — you will need to allow yourself time to get lost and discover hidden bars and restaurants, some of which haven't changed in centuries!

4. Montenegro

Tara Canyon:

Tara Canyon, the second deepest canyon in the world, is one of Montenegro's most jaw-dropping natural wonders. With dense forests and a crystal-clear river carving through the rugged landscape, the site is a dream come true for adventurers and nature lovers. The Tara River is known as the "Tear of Europe" because of its pure, drinkable waters. If you're into white-water rafting, this canyon also offers some of the best in Europe!

Kotor:

Visiting Kotor felt like time-traveling to the medieval past. Nestled between dramatic mountains and the shimmering Bay of Kotor, the town is a popular stop on European cruises. While it seems impossible for the narrow bay to accommodate cruise ships, these boats nonetheless manage to bring in thousands of tourists. You can spend the day kayaking out to churches on tiny islands, exploring caves, getting lost exploring the cobblestone streets, and visiting impressive fortifications dating back to the Venetian era.

5. Slovenia:

Predjama Castle:

A medieval fortress built into the mouth of a cliff cave, Predjama Castle is truly a sight to behold. This marvel of engineering holds a Guinness World Record as the largest cave castle in the world (which I didn't know was even a thing)! I love exploring secret passageways and caves and was fascinated when I discovered that the castle’s secret hidden tunnel was used by Erasmus of Lueg to sneak out and bring in supplies during a siege. Exploring this castle felt like diving straight into an “Indiana Jones” movie!

Slovenia’s Coastline:

Slovenia’s spectacular coastline may be small, but it packs a punch with its crystal-clear waters and pristine white pebble beaches. It is truly a hidden gem, perfect for those looking to escape the crowds. Piran, a charming coastal town, is often compared to Venice for its Venetian-style architecture and stunning views of the Adriatic Sea.

Slovenia as "Narnia":

If you've ever dreamed of stepping into a fairy tale, then Slovenia is the place for you. The country’s enchanting landscapes, rolling hills and ancient forests are so magical that they served as a backdrop for "The Chronicles of Narnia" films. Driving through Slovenia, every turn reveals a new and breathtaking scene. It felt like Narnia came to life — and I never wanted to leave!

6. Serbia:

Fields of Sunflowers and Agriculture:

Who knew that Serbia was a land of endless sunflower fields and rich agriculture? When I first drove into Serbia, I couldn’t help but feel like I was in the Midwestern United States. Northern Serbia, with its flat terrain, was once an ancient seabed, which is why the soil is so nutrient-rich. This makes it perfect for growing crops that stretch as far as the eye can see, creating stunning golden landscapes in the summer.

Belgrade:

Serbia’s capital, Belgrade, is a city with a rich and tumultuous history. Its most famous landmark, the Belgrade Fortress, has stood the test of time, watching over the Sava and Danube rivers. This fortress has seen everything from medieval battles to World War II skirmishes. Today, it’s a beloved park and museum, offering panoramic views of the city and a peek into the hidden tunnels and bunkers used during World War II. The underground armory inside the castle was even converted into a popular underground disco tech in the ’90s. I love how this region of the world has embraced its tumultuous past and incorporated it into modern life in creative ways.

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Laura Grier

Laura is a dynamic Adventure Photographer, Photo Anthropologist, Travel Writer, and Social Impact Entrepreneur. With a remarkable journey spanning 87 countries and 7 continents, Laura's lens captures both the breathtaking landscapes and the intricate stories of the people she encounters. As a National Geographic artisan catalog photographer, Huffington Post columnist, and founder of Andeana Hats, Laura fuses her love for photography, travel, and social change, leaving an impact on the world.

Autumn Around the World: The Best Fall Foliage

From hiking trails to botanical gardens, these five destinations exhibit the true beauty of autumn.

Fall foliage in New England. Anna Tuzel. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.

Though some may believe that autumn marks the end of vacation season, the changing temperature around the world creates stunning scenery worth visiting. From Japan to Scotland, the unique beauty of autumn is captured across various international landscapes, with a comfortable climate and seasonal activities creating the ultimate fall experience.

1. Kyoto, Japan

Tenryu-ji gardens during the autumn season. KimonBerlin. CC BY-SA 2.0.

Whether you are looking for a picture-perfect spot or a place to simply observe beautiful scenery, Kyoto, Japan may be your ideal destination. The fall scenery begins revealing itself in mid-October, peaking in mid-November and lasting until mid-December. There are a variety of areas to visit in Kyoto, including the Tenryu-ji Temple and Gardens. With peak foliage in late November to early December, the gardens’ ponds, pine trees and mountain views truly capture the most picturesque aspects of fall. When visiting the gardens, you can also tour the Tenryu-ji Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site regarded as the most valued temple in the Arashiyama district. 

2. New England, US

Stowe, Vermont. Andrew Ryder. CC BY-NC 2.0.

Comprised of six U.S. states—Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine— New England offers a variety of ways to celebrate the autumn season. For a nature hike, you can explore Maine’s Acadia National Park during peak foliage in mid-October. Located in Mount Mansfield, Stowe is considered Vermont’s “color capital,” with autumn colors peaking in late September to early October. For those who enjoy road trips,  driving down the Kancamagus Highway in New Hampshire could be your ideal fall expedition. New England also holds several fall festivals, such as the New Hampshire Fall Festival, Acadia’s Oktoberfest and the Deerfield Fair.  

3. Edinburgh, Scotland

Princes Street Gardens, Edinburgh. dun_deagh. CC BY-SA 2.0.

For those who enjoy Halloween celebrations, Edinburgh is a great place to experience both the scenery and culture of autumn. Home to 112 parks, the city offers numerous areas in which one can admire the hues of fall, at its brightest between late September and early November. With a variety of walkways through golden trees and views of Edinburgh Castle, the Princes Street Gardens features one of the most scenic areas of Edinburgh. Close-by at Calton Hill, you can observe countryside scenery from the center of the city. Beyond its stunning foliage, Edinburgh also holds many Halloween events, such as the Scottish Storytelling Festival, the Edinburgh Horror Festival and the Samhuinn Fire Festival.

4. Québec City, Canada

Foliage in Québec City. G. Lamar Yancy. CC BY 2.0.

Don’t let the word “city” fool you, Québec City and its surrounding areas exhibit beautiful natural autumn hues, especially in September and October. For mountain views, visit Parc National de la Jacques-Cartier, which has over 62 miles of hiking trails. Mont-Sainte-Anne is also home to several hiking trails, featuring a chairlift to observe the scenic St. Lawrence River. For bird-watching, visit Marais du Nord to explore trails through marshes. Many urban parks in Québec City also capture the beauty of fall foliage, such as the Parc du Bois-de-Coulonge and Domaine de Maizerets.

5. Seoul, South Korea

Hiking trail in Seoul. Metrotrekker.com. CC BY-SA 4.0.

The emergence of foliage in Seoul is a gradual process, giving visitors many opportunities to enjoy the city’s beautiful scenery. However, in order to capture the full peak, it is recommended to visit between mid-October and mid-November. For autumn views and a look into the history of the Joseon Dynasty, visit the Hwadam Botanic Garden. For cable-car tours through the mountains, visit Naejangsan National Park, known for its vibrant red maple leaves. Animal-lovers may enjoy visiting Alpaca World, a farm in the Ginkgo Forest where visitors can interact with and feed alpacas. If you would like to partake in organized tours of these scenic areas, it is important to research the availability for your desired trip dates, as some sites, such as the Hwadam Botanic Garden, have limited tours.

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Alexandra Copeland

Alexandra Copeland is a student at The College of New Jersey studying psychology and journalism. She is a lover of coffee, dancing, and visiting new places. Being raised with her Greek culture has inspired her interest in cultural customs around the world. She is a passionate writer and hopes that her work will make an impact in the future.

Land of Legends: Experience Romania’s Rich Medieval History

The country of Romania is a diorama of hundreds of years of human history.

Bucharest’s skyline. seisdeagosto. CC BY-SA 2.0

Romania’s incredibly rich history is still preserved to this day in the form of beautiful architecture. Medieval castles and communist palaces rub elbows in the beautiful landscape, standing side by side to create a fascinating timeline of human history.

A feat of medieval architecture, the legendary Bran Fortress is seated in the heart of the Transylvania region. Although it is known outside of Romania as “Dracula’s Castle,” there is no direct relation between the actual castle and the famous novel by Bram Stoker. The site’s only vampiric influence is a tangential relation to Vlad the Impaler, a historical monarch who had little connection to the supernatural outside of literary and popular imagination.

The Bran Fortress is a striking example of Saxon architecture. Built in 1377, the palace is now used as a museum displaying the furniture and art collection of Queen Marie, the last queen of Romania, who ruled from 1914 to 1927. The collection is open to visitors and provides guided tours of the historical pieces. Below the palace is a recreation of Romanian peasant life, featuring reconstructed barns, water-powered machinery and cottages.

A view of Bran Fortress. Clay Gilliland, CC SA 2.0

An even more ancient —yet surprisingly modern—relic hidden in the heart of Romania is the Salina Turda, a salt mine dating all the way back to 1075. Founded by the Roman occupants of Transylvania, the mine continued to produce table salt for centuries before finally closing its doors in 1932. Years later, in 2010, the massive series of caverns was reopened as a tourist destination and historical site. In addition, the Theresa Mine houses a beautiful underground lake a full 400 feet below ground.

The modern Salina Turda Salt Mine. Valentin Cocarlea, CC BY-SA 4.0

Jumping ahead roughly a century, the city of Brasov is home to the 14th-century Biserica Neagra, or the Black Church. This beautiful Gothic cathedral was nearly destroyed by a fire in the 1680s and took nearly a century to fully repair. The church got its name from the ruined, soot-covered walls which remained after the blaze. Today, the Church is open to visitors and still holds weekly concerts with its massive, 4,000-pipe organ.

Biserica Neagra, the Black Church. Gaspar Ros. CC BY-SA 3.0

A palace of the modern era, the Palace of Parliament stands in the capital city of Bucharest. Constructed in the 1980s, this palace was planned and built by the communist regime of Romania in the midst of the Cold War. Since the ousting of the Communist Party, the palace has become the home of the Romanian legislature. The Palace of Parliament is an incredible combination of architectural styles, creating a uniquely beautiful building with as much form as function.

The Romanian Palace of Parliament. Jorge Franganillo. CC BY-SA 2.0Romania is one of the best examples of a living museum. From the Middle Ages to the Cold War, whole centuries are represented in art, architecture and sometimes the land itself. For the historically driven tourist, Romania is a destination that can’t be matched anywhere else.

The best time to visit Romania is between May and September when the weather is warmest. The capital city of Bucharest offers a variety of hotel bookings ranging from $100 to $200 per night. More affordable options include rental apartments around the city from $30 to $40 per night.

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Ryan Livingston

Ryan is a senior at The College of New Jersey, majoring in English and minoring in marketing. Since a young age, Ryan has been passionate about human rights and environmental action and uses his writing to educate wherever he can. He hopes to pursue a career in professional writing and spread his message even further.

Nanjie: A Living Memory of Maoist China

In the small Chinese village of Nanjie, residents live in a time capsule of the Cultural Revolution.

The East is Red Square. Nicolas Oddo. CC BY-ND 2.0

While China’s Cultural Revolution officially ended in 1976 with the death of  Chairman Mao Zedong, the more than 3,000 residents of Nanjie, in Central China’s Henan province, continue to live by the principles of Maoism. While the village is reportedly one of China’s wealthiest, having grown its economy by nearly 2,000 fold in just ten years,  workers in the village’s factory have agreed to accept a monthly salary of only about $400. In the 1980s, when the rest of China was opening up to the capitalist market, Nanjie chose to revert to the system of collective ownership taught by Mao.

Nanjie Commune Gate. Gary Lee Todd. CC0 1.0

Nanjie is small, comprising about two dozen factories and several main streets. Mao Zedong’s face is displayed all over the village in the form of billboards, posters and framed portraits. A giant statue of the Cultural Revolution’s late leader can be found in the middle of the town’s main square, the “East is Red” Square. On each side of the looming statue are portraits of four other famous communists: Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin. North of the square stands the traditional-style Chaoyang Gate, decorated with a portrait of Sun Yat-sen.

In the square, a speech from Mao is played on a perpetual loop. New party members take their oaths in the square. On National Day, all couples in the village get married in a single collective ceremony and bow to the statue of Chairman Mao. As a wedding gift, they receive copies of Mao’s “Little Red Book.”

Nanjie Commune. Gary Lee Todd. CC0 1.0

The village's economy is dominated by collective ownership and management of all production and rationing supplies like coal, cooking oil, candy and even cigarettes. Residents are awoken each morning by “Dongfang Hong” (“The East is Red”), the de facto anthem of the Cultural Revolution, playing over loudspeakers. While some residents have chosen to leave the village in pursuit of capitalist success, many prefer the commune lifestyle free from the stress of higher living costs and housing loans. 

Exterior of Nanjie Commune Apartments. Gary Lee Todd. CC0

Interior of Nanjie Commune Apartment. Gary Lee Todd. CC0 1.0

Since the 90s, almost all village inhabitants have been living in collectively built apartments, with rent often funded by welfare. Every month, each resident receives vouchers of about $13 to cover the cost of food and groceries at the village’s commune-style supermarket. Locals also receive free healthcare and education.

Nanjie Commune Greenhouse. Gary Lee Todd. CC0

Nanjie even has a theme park dedicated to the history of the Chinese Communist Party, featuring re-creations of significant historical events and a $1.2 million greenhouse. The garden houses more than 500 flower species and 10,000 plants, as well as sculptures of animals like kangaroos and dinosaurs. Aside from the theme park and the greenhouse, the village also houses five parks, a zoo, a small artificial mountain set with bridges over a moat, a large swimming center and a grand mosque. While the village itself might be small, its historic, almost museum-like preservation, unique cultural heritage and the pride that locals take in their way of life make for a fascinating window into a bygone era.

GETTING THERE

Traveling to the collective is not difficult. From Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan province, buses (Y31; two hours) run south to Linying every hour between 6:40 am and 6:10 pm local time. From Linying it is a 1.2-mile walk south to Nanjie on the east side of the road. Taxi cabs are also available. Hotels are available in Nanjie and the surrounding areas.

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Rebecca Pitcairn

Rebecca studies Italian Language and Literature, Classical Civilizations, and English Writing at the University of Pittsburgh. She hopes to one day attain a PhD in Classical Archeology. She is passionate about feminism and climate justice. She enjoys reading, playing the lyre, and longboarding in her free time. 

Sweden’s Unique Icehotels

From ice rooms to outdoor experiences, Sweden’s Icehotels provide a unique stay for travelers interested in the outdoors.

Entrance to Icehotel. Markus Bernet. CC BY-SA 2.5

A trip to Sweden may entail many unique experiences, but very little can parallel a stay at Icehotel in Jukkasjarvi. Located in the land region and 200km north of the Arctic Circle, the hotel was established in 1989 as the world’s first ice hotel, with the goal to, “Create life enriching experiences." A unique venue for hospitality, the ice hotel is structurally similar to an igloo. Ice and stagnant air both have very low thermal conductivity, limiting the heat transferred from the outdoors and keeping the structures from melting. The travel group Transun explains that, “The ice structure stops heat being transferred to the surroundings, because the ice and the windless air are both excellent insulators. The buildings depend on sub-freezing temperatures and usually melt in summer, rebuilt again from fresh ice every year.” 

On its site, the Icehotel group writes about the central theme of storytelling it hopes to achieve with its establishments: “Our inspiration is the Arctic and the delicate beauty of crafting something that is ephemeral yet engaging all your senses," creating its edifices with ice taken from the Torne River. With each winter, new artists are given the opportunity to showcase their talents through the Icehotel. The same river is also the source of the crystal-clear ice furniture that adorns both the original Icehotel and the new Icehotel 365, a newer project from the same brand to offer more to travelers all year.

Travel Agency "Discover the World" recommends that, although elements of Icehotel are now open year-round, the best time to visit is, “During the winter months when it is blanketed in snow, the air outside is crisp and cold and the Northern Lights might make an appearance.” For Sweden, this is from December to early April, the months when the original Icehotel is constructed and open. During this time, the Icehotel has between fifteen and twenty standard ice rooms and twelve art suites for guests to stay in. Johan Larsson, the standard ice rooms’ artist, explains that he chose to incorporate an ice bed and decor because, “I wanted to create a feeling of being embraced and protected by the ice—a good night’s sleep for all guests.” The art suites are a step up from the standard rooms. Each suite is designed by an artist who has creative freedom to choose their own themes and styles. Icehotel says that, “The artist, perhaps from Kiruna, Germany, UK, or the US has been picked from over two hundred applicants and invited to make the suite you’ll be sleeping in.” Art suites are kept between 18 and 23 degrees fahrenheit. Because of their icy cold atmosphere, all rooms have special accommodations like thermal sleeping bags, reindeer hides and curtains in place of doors. Guests are given access to Riverside, a heated lobby, for changing rooms, toilets and saunas.

Art Suite in Icehotel. Rob Alter. CC BY 2.0

When planning a stay, guests are offered a choice of warm or cold accommodations. Warm rooms are like a standard hotel room and are located in a separate building. Icehotel recommends that guests spend just one night in the cold while booking a warm room for the rest of their trip, and provides special, insulated sleeping bags for guests to keep warm. The company also encourages appropriate sleepwear—thermal underwear, hats, warm jumpers, etc. Transun notes that, , although sleeping in a room made of ice might sound unpleasant, the right clothing and sleeping bags can keep guests warm as long as the outdoor temperature stays above -13 degrees Fahrenheit. Visitors can still arrange tours if they choose not to spend the night. Icehotel can accommodate up to five people in its largest warm rooms and two people in each of its cold rooms.

Standard Ice Room. Xraijs. CC BY-NC 2.0

Even during the summer months, the Icehotel brand still has much to offer interested travelers. Icehotel 365 was first opened in December 2016 as a year long ice experience. The building is a permanent, 2100 square meter art hall, maintaining interior sub-zero temperatures by relying on cool solar power throughout the year. Its art hall contains a collection of traditional art while the building is also home to deluxe suites, an ice bar and experience rooms that depict Icehotel’s history. Additionally, guests can enjoy Torne River rafting, private fishing tours, a ropes course, mountain hikes, and, of course, the Northern Lights.

Despite being a large tourist attraction, sustainability is central to Icehotel’s methods. The organization writes that, “We borrow the ice from the Torne River to build a new, seasonal Icehotel, which eventually melts and returns back to its origin in the spring. The basic idea of Icehotel is built on the premise of the environmental cycle, and our relation to the water and the ice is central.” The company also works with River Rescuers, an activist group protecting “The untouched waters of Sweden,” and regularly makes donations to WaterAid to assist water health throughout Sweden.

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Aanya Panyadahundi

Aanya is a student at the University of Michigan studying sociology and journalism on a pre-law path. She loves to travel the world whenever she can, always eager to learn more about the different cultures and societies around her. In her free time, she likes to play the violin, ski, and listen to podcasts.

Hiking with Dinosaurs in Argentina

Argentina's Talampaya and Ischigualasto Parks contain between them the most complete continental fossil record of the Triassic Period, and a record of early humanity. 

Valle de la Luna. Rodoluca. CC BY-SA 3.0

In the heart of Argentina, the Ischigualasto and Talampaya Natural Parks are a gateway to a prehistoric world. Situated on the border between the provinces of San Juan and La Rioja, in Argentina's Monte ecoregion, a warm scrub desert along the Eastern Andean foothills, these contiguous parks contain a plethora of geological marvels, ancient history and stunning desert landscapes for visitors to explore. 

Ischigualasto Rock Formations. Rita Willaert. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

Ischigualasto and Talampaya stretch over most of the sedimentary basin of the Ischigualasto-Villa Union Triassic, a geologic basin of great scientific importance which formed during the Triassic Period, approximately 250 to 200 million years ago. The basin contains a sequence of six layers of continental fossiliferous sandstone and mudstone sediments deposited by rivers, lakes and swamps, providing the world’s most complete and undisturbed picture of the geological history of the Triassic Period. 

The geological record helps us understand the evolution of vertebrate life and the nature of palaeoenvironments in the Triassic, the era that ushered in the Age of the Dinosaurs. Fossil records of at least 100 species of plants, 56 known genera and many more species of vertebrates, such as fish, amphibians, and a great variety of reptiles and direct mammalian ancestors, including the early dinosaur Eoraptor, have been found in the park. 

Guanacos, Ischigualasto National Park. Rita Willaert. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

Radiocarbon dating suggests that humans occupied the area approximately 2,590-950 years ago. At Ischigualasto, six rock art sites have been discovered, along with burial sites, campgrounds and tool-making areas, as well as 1500-year-old petroglyphs (images carved into rock). The petroglyphs depict, among other things, geometric human figures, animals and a radiating sun figure. Animal and human footprints have also been found in the art, mainly puma, rhea and guanaco prints. 

Valle della Luna. Guslight. CC BY-NC 2.0

One of Ischigualasto's main attractions is the Valle della Luna (Valley of the Moon). The valley, located near the provincial capital of San Juan, is famous for its unique and otherworldly landscapes. The valley is composed of rugged badlands of bizarrely shaped multicolored rocks and a floor of barren gray-white volcanic clay. Two hundred and thirty million years ago, the desert was a volcanically active floodplain, crisscrossed by rivers and subjected to seasonal heavy rainfalls. Petrified tree trunks more than 130 feet tall are a record of the ancient vegetation. These days the stark desert vista has sparse vegetation, xeric shrubs, cacti, the occasional tree and several rare species of flora and fauna. 

The Canon de Talampaya (Talampaya Gorge) is Talampaya’s main attraction. The red sandstone walls of the canyon and the surrounding cliffs reach up to 656 feet. The landscape has been deeply eroded by watercourses, a testament to the artistry of nature. These days the area is usually dry, but flash floods powerful enough to move large boulders have been known to strike the area.

Ischigualasto National Park. Benjamin Dumas. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

Before Spain began its conquest of South America, the area that now makes up the parks was inhabited by several groups of Indigenous people who lived as semi-nomadic hunters and gatherers, including the Diaguita and Huarpes.

The Ischigualasto and Talampaya Parks are more than just sites of great natural beauty. They are a journey into the history of this planet. Their spectacular geological formations, unparalleled scientific significance and cultural heritage have rightfully earned them a place on UNESCO’s list of World Heritage sites.

GETTING THERE

Fellow travelers recommend reaching the parks by taking an airplane to Villa Union, the closest neighboring city. From there you can rent a car, and it is about a 40-minute drive to Talampaya. You could also stay in La Rioja, which is about a 2-hour drive from the parks. Rough camping is permitted in the buffer zone at Ischigualasto Park, which has a small visitor center with an interpretive display, four toilets and a single ranger’s residence. Small buffet food services are available at both parks. Walking trails and interpretive signs are scarce. There are full-service facilities, lodging, commerce and medical care in the nearby towns of San Agustin in San Juan Province and Patquja and Villa Union in La Rioja Province. There are agencies in La Rioja and Villa Union that offer guided tours of the park.

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Rebecca Pitcairn

Rebecca studies Italian Language and Literature, Classical Civilizations, and English Writing at the University of Pittsburgh. She hopes to one day attain a PhD in Classical Archeology. She is passionate about feminism and climate justice. She enjoys reading, playing the lyre, and longboarding in her free time. 

Mallorca and Beyond: Spain’s Balearic Islands

Get to know the lesser-known islands of Menorca, Cabrera and Formentera, alongside the classic Balearics, Mallorca and Ibiza. 

Cala Ratjada. originalpickaxe. CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The Balearic Islands are destinations well-known for their beaches and energetic nightlife. Beyond the impressive coastlines and vibrant parties, visitors will find charming villages, ancient ruins and traditional cuisines that showcase the islands' heritage. From Menorca to Formentera, each island boasts a rich culture and history that makes it distinct and uniquely captivating.

Mallorca

The town of Banyalbufar, Serra de Tramuntana mountains. Vicenç Salvador Torres Guerola. CC BY-SA 4.0.

Mallorca, the largest of Spain's Balearic Islands, is celebrated for its diversity of landscapes, culture and history. The island has historically been a popular vacation spot among travelers for its secluded beaches and coves with turquoise waters, such as those in Cala d'Or and Playa de Muro. However, the island is also known for its dramatic cliffs and mountainous terrain along the Serra de Tramuntana mountain range, just a thirty-minute drive from the island’s capital, Palma. This region of Mallorca is home to intimate villages such as Valldemossa and Deia. Here, the towns are tranquil, filled with olive groves and surviving monastic charterhouses from as early as the 13th century, reminiscent of the island’s historic past and lasting Roman Catholic influence.  

Mallorca’s gastronomy is worth the trip alone, with dishes such as el arros brut, a meat and vegetable rice dish, and el frito mallorquin, an offal and vegetable stew. Another classic dish is the Frit mallorqui, which consists of potatoes tossed in a thickened sauce of onions, garlic, tomatoes and capers. The island is also rich in medieval architecture, being home to the gothic-style Bellver Castle, built in the 14th century for King James II of Majorca, and the renowned Cathedral of Santa Maria, once a mosque converted into a Christian church in 1229.

Menorca

The city of Mahon, Menorca. pxhere. CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

In contrast to Mallorca’s bustling island pace, Menorca is renowned for its peaceful ambiance, enticing beaches and historical heritage. The island's coastline is dotted with secluded coves and crystal blue waters, with stunning beaches like Cala Macarella and Cala Mitjana. Menorca is much smaller than Mallorca, and most of its beaches are hidden 'calas,' or sandy coves between rocky cliffs. The island itself is calmer, with more intimate and relaxed “hippie” nightlife opportunities such as a cave disco in the Cova d’en Xoroi, Menorca’s most famous cave. 

Menorca’s capital, Mahon, features the second-deepest natural harbor in the world alongside charming streets lined with Georgian architecture, reflecting its British colonial past. The island is also well known for its famous Mahon cheese, matured exclusively in Menorca. The local cuisine is characterized by fresh seafood with traditional dishes such as lobster stew, Menorcan sausages and sweet and savory pastries. Additionally, Menorca is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, with a diverse landscape of rolling hills, wetlands and forests, ideal for hiking. This island is quieter than its Balearic counterparts yet is just as abundant in nature, cuisine and architecture.  

 Cabrera

Isla de Cabrera National Park, Mallorca. Tommie Hansen from Stockholm, Sweden, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Cabrera, a serene archipelago of nineteen islets off Mallorca's southern coast, stands out for its untouched natural beauty and ecological diversity. The island’s name, the Spanish word for goat, from a time when the island’s only inhabitants were goats transplanted there by the Romans as an emergency food source. Interestingly, today there are less than 30 permanent residents on the island, making it the largest undeveloped area in the Balearics. Once a hideout for pirates and later a prison for captured soldiers, today Cabrera, or Cabrera National Park, is a protected area that ensures a thriving habitat for numerous bird species and marine life. 

The island's transparent waters make it a prime spot for snorkeling and diving, revealing undisturbed marine ecosystems and caves. Visitors can also explore historical landmarks like the 14th-century Cabrera Castle, which offers sweeping sea views. Unlike its neighboring islands, Cabrera offers a tranquil retreat where nature remains untouched.  

Formentera

Los Pujols, in Formentera. Emanuela Meme Giudic…. CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Formentera, while the smallest of the Balearic Islands, stands out for its calm beaches and clear waters, particularly at Playa de Ses Illetes and Playa de Migjorn. The island’s flat landscape contrasts with Mallorca’s rugged Serra de Tramuntana and Cabrera’s protected wilderness, offering easy exploration by bike or foot. Historical sites like the Cap de Barbaria lighthouse provide a glimpse into Formentera’s past, less grandiose than Mallorca’s Bellver Castle but no less significant. The island’s cuisine is full of dishes such as seafood paella, freshly grilled fish, leg of lamb, figs and local goat and sheep cheese.

Formentera’s charm lies in its blend of serene nature and rich history, providing a unique travel experience distinct from its larger neighbors. Like Menorca, Formentera is a less common destination than its closest counterpart, Ibiza, thus preserving the island’s natural beauty and relaxed pace. The local markets, often buzzing with artisans, offer a taste of the island’s vibrant craft traditions. Additionally, the annual jazz festival brings a rhythm to the island that echoes against the backdrop of the Mediterranean, highlighting its lively yet laid-back cultural scene. 

Ibiza

Sea view, Ibiza Spain. athinaf, CC BY 2.0.

Ibiza, renowned for its vibrant nightlife, is also a bastion of cultural and historical significance. The island’s party scene, with its origins in the countercultural movements of the 1970s, has evolved into a global hub for electronic music, hosting legendary clubs like Pacha and Amnesia. These venues, alongside the annual music festivals, continue to draw international crowds and top-tier DJs, cementing Ibiza’s status as a dance music mecca.

Beyond the beats, Ibiza’s cultural tapestry is rich in history. The Phoenician settlement of Sa Caleta and the necropolis at Puig des Molins are testaments to the island’s ancient maritime trade and significant role in the Mediterranean economy in Antiquity. Dalt Vila, Ibiza Town’s historic center, is a UNESCO World Heritage site that showcases over 2,500 years of history through its Renaissance military architecture and medieval streets. The island’s cuisine offers traditional dishes like bullit de peix, a fish stew, and local desserts such as greixonera. 

Ibiza’s beaches, from the popular Playa d’en Bossa to the tranquil Cala Comte, are celebrated for their white sands and clear waters, providing a natural counterpoint to the island’s bustling nightlife. Each beach offers a unique experience, whether it’s the serene Cala Salada or the lively atmosphere of Ses Salines.

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Julz Vargas

Julz is a student at Wellesley College studying Anthropology and Spanish. She grew up in Los Angeles, CA, and has studied all around the world in places such as Costa Rica, Greece, Iceland, and Spain. She is passionate about employing writing as a tool to explore human connection and diversity. Julz aspires to foster cross-cultural connections through community-based research, amplifying inclusive and diverse media about global cultures, foods, and people, to encourage individuals to engage more wholly with the world.

10 Must-Read Travel Classics Book List

From tales of adventure to memoirs, here are some pages to satisfy wanderlust, whether for the armchair traveler or the seasoned globe-trotter

Reading Traveler. Gauthier Delecroix. CC BY 2.0 DEED.

Books hold a unique allure; they allow their readers to experience journeys across continents, cultures and epochs. By digging into pages written by seasoned explorers, we encounter not only vivid adventures but insights into the boundless diversity of our world. This curated collection of travel books ranges from celebrated works such as the classic "Eat, Pray, Love" and voices that continue to redefine the genre.  

In each of these books, the world unfolds, inviting readers to embark on their own journeys, whether on the road or in their imaginations. With glimpses into the art of traveling, let these pages be your passport to discovery.

1. "Bicycle Diaries" by David Byrne

In this captivating exploration of the world through the lens of a bicycle saddle, David Byrne’s offers a distinctive perspective on urban life and culture. As he pedals through cities such as Berlin, Buenos Aires, Istanbul and New York City, he explores the intricacies of urban planning and social dynamics. He is able to paint a portrait of the locale by immersing himself in the rhythm of the streets through the power of the bicycle.

2. "Eat, Pray, Love" by Elizabeth Gilbert

In the classic book about the transformative power of travel, Elizabeth Gilbert chronicles a year-long journey across Italy, India and Indonesia. While she seeks to rediscover herself, Gilbert is immersed in cultures and traditions that show her how to indulge in the pleasures of spirituality and love. Her story intertwines personal growth with the adventures of traveling, inspiring readers to embark on their own quests for self-discovery.

3. "The Slow Road To Tehran" by Rebecca Lowe

This book follows Rebecca Lowe’s solo through Iran, a country that is often misrepresented in Western media. Her narrative is rich with encounters with locals and reflections on the complexities of Iranian society. Through her immersive account of Iran, Lowe challenges stereotypes that perpetuate misunderstandings about Iran, highlighting the potential for travel to bridge cultural divides.

4. "The Catch Me If You Can" by Jessica Nabongo

In this memoir, Nabongo chronicles her quest to become the first black woman to travel to every country. Her adventures offer a glimpse into the diverse cultures and experiences across our globe that illustrates the profound impact of exploration in broadening perspectives. Not only is the transformative nature of travel emphasized, but also Nabongo’s perseverance and courage to explore on her own and embrace the world with open arms, urging readers to embark on their own journeys.

5. "Paris to the Moon" by Adam Gopnik

In this collection of essays, Gopnik recounts his experiences living in Paris with his family during the late 1990s. Through his witty observations and cultural insights he provides a vivid portrait of the City of Light, exploring its charm and timeless allure. Serving as a love letter to the city and a thoughtful narrative on the complexities of expatriate life, it is a must-read for anyone enamored with Paris. 

6. "Blue Latitudes" by Tony Horwitz

In this exploration of James Cook’s voyages through the Pacific Ocean in the 18th century, Horwitz immerses himself in the captain's adventures. Through historical research and storytelling he brings Cook’s expeditions to life while also reflecting on their impact on Indigenous peoples. This blend of travelog and history offers readers a compelling journey through time, as they navigate the expanse of the Pacific alongside Cook and come to understand journeys’ implications for the modern world.

7. "Atlas of Vanishing Places" by Travis Elborough

Through vivid and stunning illustrations, Elborough takes readers on a journey to disappearing landscapes, from sinking islands to vanishing cities. While the book highlights the beauty and cultural significance of these places, it also sheds light on the environmental and societal factors that threaten their existence. As an exploration of some of the world’s most fascinating yet endangered locales, it serves as a reminder of the fragility of our planet and the need for conservation efforts to preserve it.

8. "The Vagabond’s Way" by Rolf Potts

Drawing on his experiences of long-term travel, Potts shares practical advice about the philosophy of wandering and art of living on the road. With engaging storytelling and profound insights, readers are encouraged to embrace a life of adventure and curiosity that offers an enriching existence beyond the confines of conventional living. As a guide for anyone seeking to break free of the constraints of routine and embark on a journey of self-discovery, this book is a must-read.      

9. Imagine a City by Mark Vanhoenacker

Vanhoenacker paints a picture of cities as living, breathing entities that are shaped by their history and culture. Drawing on his experiences as a pilot, Vanhoenacker offers a unique perspective from above that helps to explore the interconnectedness of cities at large. This thought-provoking ode to the power of urban spaces invites readers to reimagine the cities that they inhabit and encourages greater connection with the world around them.

10. "The Geography of Bliss" by Eric Weiner

In his journey across the globe in search of fulfillment, Weiner uses insightful reflections and wit to explore the cultural and geographical factors that shape our perceptions of happiness. Traversing countries ranging from Switzerland to Bhutan, he discovers that the true essence of happiness lies not in material wealth but in the richness of human connections and purposeful living. Weiner’s book offers a heartwarming exploration of the universal quest for joy that holds important meaning for all of us.

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Mira White

Mira is a student at Brown University studying international and public affairs. Passionate about travel and language learning, she is eager to visit each continent to better understand the world and the people across it. In her free time she perfects her French, hoping to someday live in France working as a freelance journalist or in international affairs.

Egypt’s Time Capsule: The Fayoum Oasis

A desert adventure that revealed millions of years of history and culture in just one day.

Keriann Slayton

Before the pyramids there were whales, and beyond Cairo there are waterfalls. Once a bounty of prehistoric life, the Fayoum Oasis in Wadi El-Rayan remains rich in resources, culture and history. Cascading water appears as if from nowhere, and dunes and ancient rock rise up to frame the entrance to Wadi El-Hitan, “Whale Valley,” where fossils litter the paths revealing the evolutionary development of massive marine creatures. Describing the region feels like creating an imaginary world for a fantasy novel, yet during my trip there in January 2023, I discovered it to be supremely real and of unique significance in the environmental and cultural memory of Egypt.

The heart-shaped basin spans over 500 square miles and holds stories dating back millions of years. The oasis began forming following the mass drying up of the Mediterranean Sea during the late Miocene period. When the crisis ended and the sea refilled the Nile River ultimately flooded and water flowed into the basin via the Bahr Youssef, transforming the desert expanse into a region of lush vegetation. 

During my visit with my family, I immediately understood why Fayoum was home to the first Egyptians to practice agriculture and exists as one of the world’s longest continuously occupied towns. We met our guide for the day at a restaurant in the village center, which could only be characterized as storybook-esque. The open air dining area overlooked a large garden that supplied fresh herbs and produce for the kitchen, and one of the basin’s many lakes loomed in the distance. The view served as a prime introduction to the rich botanical and marine legacy of Fayoum.

Fayoum entered into a golden era during the years 1817–1860 BCE under King Senusret III. The basin began to yield high volumes of rich produce, attracting growing populations and increasing trade with other regions in Egypt and civilizations abroad. Today, the people of the Fayoum live similarly to their ancient ancestors, farming the land and maintaining its reputation as an agricultural cornucopia and cultural time capsule. I saw donkeys pulling carts carrying fruits, vegetables and people from place to place along dusty dirt roads. Wooden fishing canoes dotted the shores of expansive man-made lakes, which were connected by Egypt’s largest waterfall. The entire basin seemed to have been protected from the clattering machinery and dense fog of industrialization. 

A fishing canoe in Fayoum. Masondan. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.

After finishing up at the restaurant, my mother, father, sister and I loaded into a rugged white Jeep that transported us even further back in time. The green farmland and quaint villages soon disappeared in the rearview mirror as we sped deeper into the vast nothingness of the desert, with no visible landmarks to guide our way. Our driver seemed one with the sand, confidently navigating the dunes and never once even hinting at the possibility of getting lost. The Jeep rattled along for quite a while and, for a moment, I thought we may actually reach the edge of the Earth. Eventually, clusters of irregular shapes appeared on the horizon, and we approached the unique rock formations that marked the entrance to Wadi El-Hitan. 

Keriann Slayton

Discovered by a team of geologists in 1902, the 37-million-year-old fossils of “Whale Valley” make Senusret III’s reign seem like yesterday. After hopping out of the Jeep for photos in front of a landscape that looked like it was copied and pasted from another planet, we arrived at the visitor’s center, a structure organized as a collection of concrete domes with a relatively bare interior that revealed evolutionary secrets long buried beneath the sand. As we ventured deeper into the UNESCO World Heritage site, we encountered whale skeletons stretching as long as 50 feet, and alongside skulls and spines rested the bones that made up the legs and knees of the prehistoric creatures. The fossils confirmed scientists’ long-held suspicions that whales evolved from terrestrial mammals, transitioning to full-time life in the ocean over the course of millions of years. 

The most intriguing were the snake-like remains of the Basilosaurus, the enormous ancient whale whose bite marks were visible in the skulls of some smaller Dorudon skeletons. The fossils expose a history of Egypt that long predates the Pharaohs and their Pyramids, a history that predates the Nile itself. As we trekked up and down the dunes, following the fossil-flanked paths, the spirit of the ancient sea made itself undeniable even in the face of the endless desert—it began to rain. 

The drizzle, so rare in the Wadi, connected me and my family across time and species to the legacy of the massive marine beings so instrumental in evolutionary history. We explored for a few hours, and when we finally emerged from Whale Valley, we piled back into the Jeep and dune-busted our way to a remote lake, arriving just in time for sunset. Our driver built a fire and made traditional Berber tea, which we drank on the shores until darkness threatened our route out of the desert and we had to depart.

I fell asleep quickly on the nearly three hour drive back to Cairo, dreaming of colorfully painted wooden boats, sledding down sand dunes, and whales with legs.

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Keriann Slayton

Keriann is studying International Literary and Visual Studies and History at Tufts University, where she is a student athlete on the softball team and writes for the campus newspaper. Journalism allows her to meet fascinating people, engage with her community, and nurture her long-held passion for storytelling.  She loves to fuel her interest in history and culture through travel, and she has visited Spain, Germany, Greece, Egypt, Turkey, and Italy. She hopes to share compelling narratives from around the world in order to better connect humanity across time and cultures

8 Reasons to Visit Oman

Oman is truly a feast of the senses—a remarkable getaway for anyone seeking a fulfilling adventure.

The Grand Mosque in Muscat, Oman. Madison Paulus

After returning from study abroad in Oman, I have a newfound admiration for the country’s history, culture, views and activities. The vitality of Omani culture despite outside influence is admirable and I could see it reflected everywhere I went. From the very first day, I felt welcomed and immersed within the Omani lifestyle. This trip was an incredible experience, inspiring me to share eight reasons why you should experience Oman.

1. Rich History 

View of a mosque from the Nizwa Fort. Madison Paulus

Oman is the oldest independent nation in the region, brimming with about 1,000 well preserved historical sites. While civilization in Oman began around 100,000 years ago, many popular historical sites came about during Portuguese occupation between 1507 and 1650. 

In Muscat, the capital of Oman, explorers can find several forts. The Muttrah Fort, which the Portuguese built in 1507 can be found at the heart of Muscat's coast. Here, travelers can gaze upon 500-year-old lookouts. 

The Mutrah Fort serves as a vantage point for travelers as it is nearby several other must-see spots, including the Mutrah Market, Al Alam Palace and the National Museum of Oman. Many other castles and forts can be found strewn across Oman, including the Nizwa Fort and Jibreen Castle.

2. Fruitful Culture 

A man making pottery at the Jibreen Castle. Madison Paulus

Oman boasts an impressive blend of cultures. The Omani empire once ruled an area spanning from the east coast of Africa up to present-day Oman. Because of the vast territory and major role in trade, African, Arabian and Asian influences can be found embedded within Omani culture.

Home to more than 130 various types of traditional dances and music, Oman’s performance arts delight travelers and locals alike. Omanis are also expressive through their dress. Women can often be seen in vibrant clothing featuring intricate designs that are unique to each region. Men wearing dishdashas dot the streets, sometimes sporting traditional Khanjars (daggers) on special occasions.

Omani hospitality is another key feature of Omani culture. Omanis are known to be warm and welcoming to travelers, sure to offer friendly interactions and generous gifts for guests including coffee, dates and frankincense. For those searching for opportunities to immerse in Omani culture, there are many festivals open to travelers, including the Muscat Festival and the Salalah Festival.

3. Culinary Diversity 

A variety of spices at the Nizwa Market. Madison Paulus

As with the culture, Omani food features Arabian, Asian and African influences. Some renowned Omani dishes include Shuwa, Rukhal bread and Halwa. Shuwa is a unique dish saved for special occasions. Meticulously prepared, Shuwa consists of meat cooked in a clay oven underground for up to two days, giving way to a tender, spice-filled delicacy.

Rukhal bread is a delightful addition that can be found accompanying any meal. Traditionally cooked over flaming palm leaves, Rukhal bread is round and thin, often served with honey or date syrup in the morning or sprinkled across meat and rice dishes throughout the rest of the day. 

Halwa is a labor of love, often symbolic of Omani hospitality. A sticky, gelatinous treat, Halwa is usually made by combining water, ghee, corn flour, sugar and additional flavorings such as rose water or saffron in a large copper pot. Beyond the restaurants and markets, an ideal place where explorers can indulge in Omani cuisine is the Muscat Eat Food Festival.

4. Unique Commodities 

A display of Amouage perfume at the Mall of Oman. Madison Paulus

With an abundance of frankincense and other natural resources, Oman is home to many exceptional goods. Fragrances in particular are an Omani specialty, and Amouage is an exhibition of this expertise. A popular Omani luxury fragrance brand, Amouage draws from Oman’s natural wonders to create enchanting scents, incorporating locally sourced rock roses, ambergris and frankincense. 

While the products aren't budget friendly for many people, travelers can tour the only Amouage factory in the world for free in Muscat, getting a behind-the-scenes look and while sampling their extravagant fragrances along the way. 

If perfumes aren’t your thing, the smell of burning frankincense and oud can be experienced all over the country. For those who wish to bring the essence of Oman home with them, these products, along with traditional burners, can be found easily at shops and markets.

5. Vibrant Art

Hand-woven baskets on display at the Nizwa Market. Madison Paulus

Many art forms have been intertwined with Omani culture for thousands of years. Pottery is a 5,000-year-old tradition in Oman that is still present across the country. Holding great historical value, pottery has been integral in the lives of Omanis for thousands of years. 

While pottery today is often decorative, its historical and cultural value has been maintained here. In the ancient Omani state of Bahla, explorers can buy pottery from local sculptures or even learn how to make their own at the Al Adawi factory. 

Other intriguing Omani handicrafts include basket weaving and silversmithing. Hand-woven baskets made of date palm or other natural fibers can be found in markets across the country, and travelers can witness the process in action at the Nizwa Fort. Silver goods like khanjar (daggers) and jewelry can also be found throughout Oman’s markets, symbolic of Omani heritage and good fortune.

6. Comfortable Climate 

A view of the landscape from atop the Nizwa Fort. Madison Paulus

Oman’s weather and climate vary significantly by region, easily accommodating travelers’ preferences. With the interior's dry deserts surrounded by southwest summer monsoons and hot, humid coastlines, Oman offers a warm getaway whether you like sun or rain.

Because of this variation, Oman is a year-round destination, with northern Oman attracting many during the months of October through April, and the South drawing explorers most during July, August, and September, according to a presentation by Zahara Tours.

7. Natural Wonders 

Camels sit in the sand outside the Arabian Oryx Camp. Madison Paulus

Oman’s ecosystems feature a huge diversity of plants and animals, from rock roses and apricots to turtles and camels. With 20 official nature reserves, travelers are offered a wide array of destinations to appreciate Oman’s natural beauty from the mountains to the sea.

Some iconic destinations for explorers to witness nature at its finest include the Al Jinz Turtle Reserve and Daymaniyat Island, where you can swim with whale sharks as they migrate south every summer.

With several caves beneath the earth and many wonders like waterfalls and valleys above, Oman’s astonishing ecology is situated in equally breathtaking natural landscapes. 

8. Adventurous Activities 

A Dhow boat sailing in the Gulf of Oman. Madison Paulus

Travelers itching for activity have countless options in Oman. Hikers will feel right at home, with many trails at varying levels of difficulty found throughout the Hajar and Musandam mountains. 

Travelers can also explore the desert on camel-back or by riding on ATVs. The Arabian Oryx Camp is a perfect spot for either, in addition to offering Bedouin-style accommodations and authentic Arab cuisine.

For those who prefer to spend time in the water, Oman’s nearly 1,300 miles of coastline offers beaches where travelers can swim and snorkel through blue waters.

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Madison Paulus

Madison is a student at George Washington University studying international affairs, journalism, mass communication, and Arabic. Born and raised in Seattle, Washington, Madison grew up in a creative, open-minded environment. With passions for human rights and social justice, Madison uses her writing skills to educate and advocate. In the future, Madison hopes to pursue a career in science communication or travel journalism.

A Literary Pilgrimage: Colombia with Gabriel García Márquez

A travel itinerary for bibliophiles, Gabo fans and adventurers alike

Author Gabriel García Márquez, “Gabo,” as an older man. Sebástian Freire. CC BY-SA 2.0. 

Author Gabriel García Márquez, affectionately nicknamed “Gabo,” put his native country of Colombia on the literary map through his novels and short stories. 

Critics lauded his novel Love in The Time of Cholera, a tale of romance between social classes, as one of the best love stories of the 20th century. His work One Hundred Years of Solitude, a multi-generational novel about a family from an isolated town, is considered the Bible of magical realism, a genre that describes fantastical events in an otherwise realistic tone. 

Adventurous travelers and bibliophiles alike can experience the magic and romance of Colombia through García Marquez's eyes with an itinerary based on his life and literature.

A colorful street scene in Cartagena’s historic center. Joe Ross. CC BY-SA 2.0.

1. Cartagena

In an interview with actor and filmmaker Salvatore Basile, García Márquez said, “I would say that I completed my education as a writer in Cartagena.” With that in mind, Caribbean-flanked Cartagena is the ideal place to begin your Gabo-inspired tour of Colombia. 

García Márquez lived in Cartagena for a year as a young man and kept a winter house in the city as an older man. He sets much of Love in The Time of Cholera in Cartagena. During his time in Cartagena, he was known for lingering on the plazas, waiting for something interesting to happen. 

To experience the city from Gabo’s perspective, people watch at the lush, lively Plaza Fernandez de Madrid and historic, central Plaza Bolivar. Grab a drink at El Coro, the upscale cocktail bar in The Sofitel Santa Clara hotel, which García Márquez frequented. Visit Gabo’s marble-clad final resting place at La Merced monastery on the University of Cartagena’s campus. 

The orange-tinted cityscape of Barranquilla. Fernando Orozco. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

2. Barranquilla

Following Gabo’s footsteps, travel from Cartagena to Barranquilla, a seaport known as Colombia’s “Golden Gate" because here the Caribbean meets the country’s major Magdalena River. Gabo lived here in the 1950s while he worked as a journalist.

While living in Barranquilla, García Márquez was a part of the Barranquilla Group, a collection of writers, journalists and philosophers who met Barranquilla in the mid-twentieth century. In addition to García Márquez, notable members include Álvaro Cepeda Samudio, Germán Vargas and Alfonso Fuenmayor. Allegedly, Gabo’s relationship with these men inspired the characters of the “four friends of Macondo” in One Hundred Years of Solitude.

Connect with Gabo and his Barranquilla Group friends at La Cueva, a bar where the Barranquilla Group of writers and journalists met. It continues to serve as a hub of cultural activity, serving traditional food like Butifarra ceviche and Cashew rice, as well as supporting Colombian literary magazines. Tour the peach-colored church, Iglesia Nuestra Senora del Perpetuo Socorro, where Gabo married his wife Mercedes Barcha.

The Casa Museo Gabriel García Márquez, Gabo’s childhood home. Armando Calderón. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.

3. Aracataca

After connecting with García Márquez’s early days as a writer in Barranquilla and Cartagena, go back to where it all began in Aracataca: Gabo’s steamy, sleepy and tropical hometown. Gabo’s success put Aracataca on the map, rejuvenating the town as small groups of literary tourists trickled in to see where a genius grew up. You can meander through the white house and its verdant garden where García Márquez lived until he was eight, Casa Museo Gabriel García Márquez. 

In addition to being the locale of Gabo’s childhood, Aracataca inspired Macondo, the setting for One Hundred Years of Solitude. Stop for a photo opportunity in front of Aracataca’s bright, multicolored welcome sign, which includes an equally vivid Macando welcome sign in smaller letters.

Walking the streets of La Candelaria neighborhood in Bogotá. Michael Barón. CC0. 

4. Bogota

Conclude your tour of Gabo’s Colombia in mountainous Bogota. While not Gabo’s favorite city in Colombia, he called it “a remote, lugubrious city where an insomniac rain had been falling since the beginning of the sixteenth century” in his autobiography—it played a crucial role in his education. 

García Márquez attended secondary school and earned a law degree in Bogota. He published his work in the city’s newspaper El Espectador. He also lived here temporarily with his wife later in his life, in the colonial neighborhood La Candelaria.

Learn more about his work and life at the Centro Cultural Gabriel García Márquez, a museum and hub of artistic activity in a circular building with its roof offering views of Bogota’s mountains and cityscape. Sip a coffee at Cafe Pasaje, an old-school coffee shop where Gabo allegedly had his java each day when he was a young journalist.

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Annie O’Brien

Annie is a third-year student at George Washington University studying English, Creative Writing, and History. From Philadelphia, she is an avid reader, pop-culture enthusiast, and traveler. She’s always eager to talk about her adventures abroad and domestically, whether it's telling about the time she hitch-hiked in Bavaria or offering recommendations for the best bookstores in Key West. She hopes to become a published author one day. Enjoy more of her writing on her Substack.

Fairies and Folklore: The Magic of Scotland and England

From castles to coves, uncover destinations steeped in the mythological histories of Scotland and England.

Portree, Isle of Skye’s capital city. CC BY 3.0

Whether your knowledge of fairies comes from nostalgic childhood tales or the well-informed worldbuilding of Tolkein, much of the folklore that has made its way into the popular imagination is embedded deep within the rolling hills of Scotland and England.  

While each country has its variations of the myth, taking a tour through the whimsical high grassed countryside and rocky shores is a great way to take in some awe-inspiring views and understand the magic embedded in these countries.

Scotland

Located off of Scotland's northwest coast, the Isle of Skye is full of picturesque villages, cliffed shores and quaint fishing towns. But rather than only enjoying the colorful coastal houses on Portree, the island's capital, extend your adventure and visit various sights around the island boasting mythical pedigrees.

Fairy Pools

A waterfall at the Fairy Pools on the Isle of Skye. CC BY 3.0

A waterfall phenomenon in Glen Brittle, the falls are surrounded by sky-capped mountains and boast aqua-blue waters of astonishing clarity. Some claim if you’re lucky, you may spot a fae or two amongst the willowing grasses and purple flowers; if not, the red deer, sheep, and rabbits inhabiting the area will have to suffice.

The pool's name comes from the local legend that claims a Clan McLeod Chief married a fairy Princess. Additionally, the pools are said to attract selkies, a group of mythical creatures that spend the day on the coast as seals and then enjoy the pools at night after transitioning to human form. 

Despite their charm, the Fairy Pools feature some brutally cold water temperatures, although it may be worthwhile to take a dip; as locals say, holding your head underwater for seven seconds is enough to bless you with the gift of eternal youth.

From the capital city of Portree, the Fairy Pools are a 35-minute drive and can be accessed through various tours operating on the island or of your own volition. The Fairy Pools walk is a 1.5-mile, easy hike to the pools from the parking lot.

Dunvegan Castle and Gardens

The Dunvegan Castle. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 DEED

Open from March 29 to October 15, the Dunvegan Castle and Gardens is a medieval fortress dating back to the 1200s. Occupied by the same family for the last 800 years, the Hebridean castle is home to a few pieces of myth. On the Dunvegan property, one can walk across Fairy Bridge while exploring the grounds and even see the Fairy Flag, which is housed in the Castle.

The Fairy Flag is the prized silk scarf woven in the 4th century AD, either in Syria or Rhodes, and is said to possess miraculous powers instrumental in MacLeod’s battle victories. While there are two points of origin, a fairy origin and a crusader origin, the Fairy Bridge and Tower versions give the flag roots in folklore.

The Fairy Tower myth tells the tale of a restless MacLeod chief’s baby who was comforted one night by a fairy. The Fairy Bridge myth relates to the previously mentioned story of the MacLeod Chief and Fairy Princess; the story goes that the two parted ways on Fairy Bridge at Dunvegan, and the banner was his gift.

An astounding horticultural destination, Dunvegan boasts multiple gardens and woodland trails. The landscape and fauna are a wonder unto themselves. The gardens also feature lily ponds, gazebos and rare artifacts, such as a 17th-century sundial.

Located a 30-minute drive from Portree, the castle makes for an excellent excursion when visiting Scotland. While the Dunvegan Castle and Gardens offers visitor tours daily and make for a great day trip, the property's five holiday cottages allow visitors to enjoy an enchanting multi-day stay on the secluded property.

Fairy Glen

The labyrinth and peak at Fairy Glen on the Isle of Skye. CC BY NC-2.0

Protruding from the surrounding farmlands, Fairy Glen is a geographical landscape formed by an ancient landslide. The craggy formations and valleys are blanketed by a lush layer of green and are rumored to be home to the fae.  

Climbing up Fairy Glen’s peak or walking beneath the cover of moss-engulfed trees will make anyone feel like they are walking amongst the faeries. Be sure to stop and make a wish at the stone labyrinth when you are making your way through.

Fairy Glen is about a 25-minute drive from Portree, and various tours include this location as a stop. From the destination's parking lot there is a one-mile walking circuit that showcases the grounds, but feel free to adventure on your own and enjoy this majestic landscape.

England

On the rugged Southwestern tip of England, Cornwall is home to many of the country's mythical and folktales. Cornwall has its own variety of fairies, the Piskeys, a lively and mischievous people who originated from tales of a Pygmy race in Cornwall during the Neolithic period. More than just fairies, Cornwall is rumored to be home to mermaids, giants, and various King Arthur myths.

Sennen Cove

The coastline and surrounding shore at Sennen Cove. CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED.

England’s most westerly beach, Sennen Cove, is a white sand beach renowned for its excellent surfing conditions. In the early 20th century, American Anthropologist Walter Evan Wentz published "The Fairy Faith In Celtic Countries", conducting some of his research at Sennen Cove by speaking to locals about the dancing fairies. A study published at a similar time in the Journal of the Society for Psychic Research tells the story of Grace Penrose as written by E. Westlake. She speaks of miniature people in white dancing in the moonlight before being frightened and disappearing into a rock face along the shore.

To get to Sennen Cove, visitors can take a bus that leaves every two hours from Penzance or make the 20-minute drive themselves. Once at the Cove, you can enjoy Whitesands Bay, the stretch of white sand beach on the Cove’s coast. Overlooking the cove, stop at the Old Success Inn, a pub dating back to the 17th century, for lunch and drink. The Inn has a rich history in Sennen Cove and is rumored to be a site for mermaid sightings.

Elusive in nature, when visiting Sennen Cove, you may not stumble upon any fairies in the moonlight or catch a glimpse of mermaid tales ducking under the blue waves, but the Cove is perfect for a beach getaway anyway.

St. Michael’s Mount

The castle and causeway leading up to St. Michael’s Mount. CC BY-SA 3.0 DEED

A tidal island in Cornwall’s Mount Bay, St. Michael’s Mount is home to one of England’s most famous legends. Rumors of mermaids luring sailors to the island’s shores date as far back as 495 AD, but even more prominent is the Cornish tale of Jack the Giant Killer. With the island as his home, the evil Cormoran was defeated by none other than Jack after a long reign of terror. Per the legend, when visiting, be sure to hike up the mountain and around the island in search of the giant's missing stone heart.

Outside of folklore, the site is also a religious destination. Archangel Michael was rumored to have guided sailors to safety at the current location of the castle’s entry. Named after that patron saint of fishermen, St. Michael’s causeway allows travelers and pilgrims alike to walk from the mainland to the island during low tide.

To reach the island, walking over the causeway is one option; however, if it happens to be high tide, from March 29 to October 31 there are boats running from Marazion Beach to the island. Riddled with history, the castle, church and surrounding gardens offer a fusion of folk and faith, making Mount St. Michael a beautiful, enchanting destination on a Celtic fairytale tour.

Nicola is studying English Literature at George Washington University, where she also reports for the student newspaper, The Hatchet. Nicola's passion for literature and writing has sparked an interest in exploring the broader context surrounding written texts. Researching and writing for Catalyst Planet allows her to investigate nuanced issues that intersect with her interests in art history, culinary practices, and cultural traditions.

Nicola is studying English Literature at George Washington University, where she also reports for the student newspaper, The Hatchet. Nicola's passion for literature and writing has sparked an interest in exploring the broader context surrounding written texts. Researching and writing for Catalyst Planet allows her to investigate nuanced issues that intersect with her interests in art history, culinary practices, and cultural traditions.

Nicola is studying English Literature at George Washington University, where she also reports for the student newspaper, The Hatchet. Nicola's passion for literature and writing has sparked an interest in exploring the broader context surrounding written texts. Researching and writing for Catalyst Planet allows her to investigate nuanced issues that intersect with her interests in art history, culinary practices, and cultural traditions. Nicola is studying English Literature at George Washington University, where she also reports for the student newspaper, The Hatchet. Nicola's passion for literature and writing has sparked an interest in exploring the broader context surrounding written texts. Researching and writing for Catalyst Planet allows her to investigate nuanced issues that intersect with her interests in art history, culinary practices, and cultural traditions.

Nicola Degregorio

Nicola is studying English Literature at George Washington University, where she also reports for the student newspaper, The Hatchet. Nicola's passion for literature and writing has sparked an interest in exploring the broader context surrounding written texts. Researching and writing for Catalyst Planet allows her to investigate nuanced issues that intersect with her interests in art history, culinary practices, and cultural traditions.