Unknown Specialties: 10 Little-Known Global Dishes

November 20, 2024

Uncovering some of the best lesser-known cultural foods from around the world.

Khachapuri served with nuts. Ekkatterrinna. CC BY-SA 4.0

From sushi to falafel to chicken tikka masala, most cultures are represented on the global food stage. But for every well-known cultural classic, hundreds of local delights have never quite made it out of their homeland. This list compiles ten of the best, most unique specialties that most of the world has yet to experience. Each dish will include links to recipes and can be made at home with relative ease.

1. Lahmacun

Turkey

A traditionally wrapped lahmacun. Garret Ziegler. CC BY-SA 4.0

Lahmacun is a traditional flatbread variety that incorporates minced meat (usually lamb or beef), tomatoes and red peppers, and a healthy amount of garlic and chili pepper. Despite being commonly referred to as “Turkish pizza”, lahmacun is never prepared with cheese. Instead, the dish is often served rolled up around other vegetables like pickles or roast eggplant.

2. Kare-kare

The Philippines

A bowl of kare-kare. Maffeth.opiana. CC BY-SA 4.0

Kare-kare is a stew of thick peanut sauce. Typically made with oxtail and occasionally pigs’ or calves’ feet, kare-kare also features vegetables like eggplant and daikon. Some varieties include seafood (like prawns and squid), while others are entirely vegetarian. This dish has been a part of Filipino culture for hundreds of years and is considered one of the island nation’s staple dishes.

3. Zeljanica

The Balkans

A tray of zeljanica. BiHVolim. CC BY-SA 4.0

Often referred to as “savory spinach pie,” zeljanica is a flaky pastry filled with chopped spinach, egg and white or feta cheese. This particular meal has several options for substitution; just about any white cheese (preferably salted) can be used for the filling, and a variety of pastries can be used to make the outer shell, including phyllo or horiatiko (both of which are specialties in their own right).

4. Pastitsio

Greece

A plate of pastitsio. Sam Bailey. CC BY-SA 4.0

While this dish is often referred to as “Greek lasagna,” it takes a few steps outside of the box that sets it apart from its Italian cousin. Pastitsio has evolved over the years, transforming from a phyllo-wrapped meat pasta to a layered dish. The bottom layer is composed of bucatini or similarly-shaped pasta, bound together with cheese or eggs. The second layer features ground beef or pork heavily seasoned with cinnamon and cloves, and the top is a mixture of bechamel and mornay sauce.

5. Cou Cou

Barbados

An example of Cou Cou. KINGBROBLOXZZZ. CC BY-SA 4.0

Cou-cou is widely regarded as the best example of Barbados’ national food: the flying fish. While cou-cou is actually a mixture of cornmeal and okra, it is typically served alongside steamed or fried flying fish. Today, this meal is traditionally served on Friday in Barbados and has spread to Antigua and the Virgin Islands.

6. Khachapuri

Georgia

A variety of khachapuri including egg yolk. Rorschach11. CC 2.0

There are many varieties of Georgia’s khachapuri, but the most common (and most popular) is Imeretian khachapuri. This variation is made with yeast dough and filled with salted white cheese. Other varieties incorporate egg yolks, potatoes and a variety of seasonings.

7. Nacatamales

Nicaragua

A finished nacatamal. MiguelRamirez77. CC BY-SA 4.0

Nacatamales were historically made by Nicarao hunters who would wrap and steam herbs, deer and turkey meat in corn husks. Rapidly evolving into a cultural staple after the Spanish conquest of Nicaragua, nacatamales have continued to change throughout the centuries. Today, the dish is commonly wrapped in banana leaf and tinfoil and steamed for up to five hours.

8. Nam Khao

Laos

A pre-wrapped nam khao. Takeaway. CC BY-SA 3.0

Nam khao is a common dish throughout Laos, appearing everywhere from street stalls and potlucks to high-brow restaurants. The meal’s main ingredients include fried rice balls, classic Vietnamese pork sausage, chopped peanuts and other seasonings. Nam khao is unique from traditional salads as ingredients are used to fill a singular lettuce leaf before being topped with chili peppers and herbs.

9. Lo Mai Gai

Southern China

A variety of lo mai gai made with abalone. Peachyeung316. CC BY-SA 4.0

A gluten-rich rice stuffed with chicken, sausage, mushrooms and scallions, the most unique aspect of this variation on the classic dim sum is the method of cooking. Before being steamed, lo mai gai is wrapped in dried lotus leaves — in areas where lotus is not available, banana and grape leaves are frequently substituted.

10. Jollof Rice

West Africa

A variety of jollof including vegetables. Segun Famisa. CC BY-SA 4.0

Last but certainly not least is the ever-changing meal known as jollof rice, or jollof for short. This dish has a general ingredient list, but just about every nation in West Africa has its own regional variety, which has led to friendly rivalries between different regions. Typically, jollof is made with long rice grains, incorporating tomatoes, chili peppers, and a variety of spices together into one pot. Variations of the dish can range from different spices to the inclusion of additional vegetables or cuts of meat.

Few of the dishes on this list are available outside of their home country. However, the ingredients for each dish are relatively easy to obtain, so international foodies can find all the materials they need to cook some of these specialties at home.

Ryan Livingston

Ryan is a senior at The College of New Jersey, majoring in English and minoring in marketing. Since a young age, Ryan has been passionate about human rights and environmental action and uses his writing to educate wherever he can. He hopes to pursue a career in professional writing and spread his message even further.

The Northern Lights: The 6 Best Viewing Destinations

November 20, 2024

Exploring the top locations around the world for an unforgettable aurora experience.

Arctic scenery featuring the northern lights. Stein Egil Liland. CC0.

The aurora borealis, commonly known as the northern lights, is a captivating natural phenomenon many people aspire to witness. These lights occur when charged particles from solar wind clash with oxygen atoms and nitrogen molecules in Earth’s atmosphere. The collisions result in a transfer of energy released in flashes of light.

Currently, the Arctic Circle is experiencing a solar maximum. Characterized by heightened and more frequent solar activity, a solar maximum occurs when the sun’s magnetic activity increases. This happens because of an increased flare-up of sunspots, which can cause solar flares and eruptions. Solar cycles typically average about 11 years, with the next solar maximum anticipated in 2035.

The strongest activity period for the northern lights occurs between September and April, while the southern lights’ strongest activity falls between March and September. The combination of these time periods and the solar maximum is the reason people in both Michigan and Wales have been able to witness unexpected glimpses of the northern lights all year. Only two months into the 2024-2025 solar maximum, there is still plenty of time to explore one of the following six travel destinations.

Tromsø, Norway

Travelers in a remote spot viewing the northern lights in Tromsø. Tobias Bjørkli. CC0.

Tromsø is Norway's largest northern city. Approximately 400K from the Arctic Circle, this tourism hub is often referred to as the “gateway to the arctic.” The city is located on the island of Tromsøya, lying in the Tromsøysundet strait. Although surrounded by fjords and mountains, arctic scenery is not the only thing Tromsø is famous for. When visiting, travelers can get a taste of Norway’s rich cultural life that values education and climate change activism.

Throughout northern Tromsø, there are many northern lights tours available to the public. From $93 bus rides to thousand-dollar personalized tours, there are many different ways to experience this natural light show.

Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland

Vestrahorn Mountains at Vatnajökull National Park. Francisco Diez. CC-BY 1.0.

Vatnajökull National Park is home to many glaciers, including the largest glacier in Iceland. Covering 8% of Iceland’s landmass, this glacier is up to 3,120 feet thick at its deepest point. The park’s many glaciers have created intriguing natural landscapes, such as blue ice caves that visitors can explore. Close to the country’s capital, Reykjavik, there are plenty of excursions available. The park offers tours that can be as simple as a day trip or as involved as a ten-day trek. Both give travelers the opportunity to hike throughout the national park, traverse the ice caves, visit the thermal baths and travel to hidden getaways to get the best view of the northern lights. There are also boat tours from Reyjkavick that travel around the South Coast. These trips offer distance from any light pollution, allowing for some of the best views of the northern lights.

Options for low-cost hotels include the Reykjavik Lights for $101 a night and the Center Hotels Plaza for $138 a night.

Laugarvatn, Iceland

Northern lights dazzling above a field in Laugarvatn. Marek Piwnicki. CC0.

Laugarvatn is near both Reyjkavick and Vatnajökull National Park, but location is where the similarities end. Laugarvatn is famous for its geothermal activity, hot springs and active, swimmable lake. The remarkable geothermal activity not only warms the lake but also supplies hot water to the town. Throughout the lake, natural hot springs create an exceptional swimming experience all year round. This geothermal feature contributes to the lake's rich biodiversity, making it a prime destination for both boating and fishing enthusiasts.

Due to the geothermal properties of the area, many of the northern lights experiences in Laugarvatn involve baths and hot springs. The Laugarvatn Fontana Spa is a world-class facility that provides access to the best therapeutic properties of the region and a back-country vantage point for viewing the northern lights. Prices at the Laugarvatn Hotel are around $118 per night.

Rovaniemi, Finland

Green northern lights seen in Rovaniemi’s snowy landscape. Gu Bra. CC0.

Rovaniemi is another Arctic town, known for its natural beauty and winter activities. There is ample ice and snow architecture throughout the city, where winter activities such as snowmobiling, cross-country skiing and husky sledding flourish. Praised as the culinary capital of the north, Rovaniemi is also the hometown of Santa Claus. Before it gets dark, travelers can head to a Santa Claus village where they can meet Santa, write letters and see where Mr. Claus works.

Rovaniemi is home to many unique tours that offer a new twist when viewing the aurora borealis. Float the Northern Lights is a tour where participants dip themselves into freezing water. This guided tour is completely safe, as participants wear protective suits while they float through an arctic lake. If swimming through frigid water doesn’t sound inviting, there are reindeer sleigh rides that offer a quiet and serene way to take in the arctic nature. During this guided tour, travelers are pulled by actual reindeer while hunting for aurora borealis.

The most famous place to stay is the Aito Igloo and Spa Resort. While they have standard hotel rooms, they also offer intriguing options for rooms such as glass igloos and treehouses. These luxury rooms provide panoramic views of the nature surrounding you.

Fairbanks, Alaska, USA

Northern lights glistening above the Alaska Range Mountains. Noel Bauza. CC0.

Located in the auroral oval, Fairbanks is known for its consistent and reliable northern lights from August to April (an extra month of viewing compared to other places around the world). Uniquely situated within Alaska’s interior, Fairbanks provides access to the Arctic Circle via the remarkable views along the Dalton Highway. During the daytime, travelers can choose from several museums that exhibit the history of Alaska’s natural preserves, many of which host cultural programs about Native Alaskans. The Aurora Ice Museum has year-round displays that include more than 1,000 tons of ice and snow sculptures.

Favorite tours in Fairbanks include flying adventures, ice fishing and hot springs. The Arctic Circle Aurora Fly and Drive Adventures takes travelers on an inspiring adventure into the northern lights via plane or countryside driving. For fishing fanatics, Rod’s Alaskan Guide Service is the perfect tour. With provided shanties at remote fishing spots, travelers can indulge in the best of both worlds as they look upon the sky while casting their lines. Fairbanks is also known for their Chena Hot Springs; a tour from Alaska Wildlife Guide offers visitors a dip in these springs while taking in the northern lights.

Yellowknife, Canada

Yellowknife is built along the shores of the enormous Great Slave Lake. The city is relatively isolated and surrounded by rock, tundra and water. Yellowknife is an isolated town, and there is almost no light pollution, creating an outstanding view of the northern lights. The majority of the tours in this town revolve around hiking to reach the most remote spots. While travelers can indulge in multi-night wilderness stays, there are also shorter tours that involve driving to serene locations by minivan or snowmobile.

Nearby places to stay include modern accommodations such as the Quality Inn and Suites for $165 a night or an opportunity to stay in a traditional tepee under the northern lights.

Paige Geiser

Paige is currently pursuing a bachelor’s degree in English with a minor in Criminal Justice at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse. She grew up in West Bloomfield, MI, and has been fortunate enough to travel all throughout the country. She is an active member of the university’s volleyball team and works as the sports reporter for The Racquet Press, UWL’s campus newspaper. Paige is dedicated to using her writing skills to amplify the voices of underrepresented individuals and aspires to foster connections with people globally.

Just Keep Swimming: 7 Exotic Snorkeling Sites

October 25, 2024

There are a million places to get a taste of the most beautiful underwater ecosystems on Earth—here are some of the most fascinating.

One of the best ways to see the sea. John Brooks. CC 0

There are few environments more captivating than the ocean. Featuring millions of species of life, hundreds of different biomes, and almost infinite ways to experience it, there’s nothing quite like the sea. With a mask, fins and little to no training, snorkeling is the perfect way to see it all.

Of all of the places to snorkel, some are simply unlike any other. This list documents seven of the most mind-blowing experiences you could have underwater and why you should definitely add them to your bucket list.

1. Jellyfish Lake, Palau

The 250-island nation of Palau is dotted with saltwater lakes linked together by a series of underground channels and tunnels. Only one of these lakes can be visited, fittingly named Jellyfish Lake, home to a dizzying number of moon and golden jellyfish. They float around aimlessly in the 1,500-foot lake, bumping and bouncing up against snorkelers like living ping-pong balls. These creatures have evolved in a much different way from their ocean-dwelling cousins— they pose no risk to snorkelers. Unlike most species, they are non-poisonous and have no stinging cells.

Jellyfish Lake provides visitors with the once-in-a-lifetime experience of swimming through an entire world of these unique and fascinating creatures. It is more than worthy of a spot on every ocean lover’s bucket list. Places to stay nearby include the Palau Pacific Resort, priced at around $250 a night. Cheaper options include the Hotel Piccada at $110 a night and LH Porto Rafael Altura Resort at $80 a night.

A diver in Jellyfish Lake in Palau. Aquaimages. CC SA 2.5

2. Silfra Fissure, Iceland

Created by an earthquake in 1789, the Silfra Fissure is a massive gap between the North American and Eurasian continental plates filled with glacier meltwater. Snorkelers and divers can simultaneously touch two continents while swimming through gorgeously clear waters, where visibility can reach a mindblowing 393 feet.

This unique ravine is almost totally devoid of fish. Instead, the rock walls are lined with vibrant green algae known as “troll hair.” Between these leafy green plants and the almost impossibly clear blue water, Silfra Fissure is one of the most incredibly colorful and exotic dive sites on Earth. Silfra Fissure’s water is extremely cold, sitting at a chilling 35-39 degrees Fahrenheit. To combat this temperature, snorkelers wear a drysuit, a full-body neoprene suit complete with gloves, boots and a hood.

Nearby places to stay include the Bru Country Estate at around $110 a night, as well as several rentable cottages at around $90 per night.

An underwater view at the Silfra Fissure. Josephyoon4. CC BY-SA 4.0

3. Mamanuca Islands, Fiji

Called the soft coral capital of the world, Fiji is an absolutely beautiful diving location. Its Mamanuca Islands are home to almost 400 unique species of coral, most of which are still alive despite the ravages of ocean acidification. Many of the islands themselves are also covered up by water when the tide comes in, combining the surface world and the sea in an incredible panorama. Snorkelers can visit these gorgeous reefs from any of the 13 inhabited islands, each lined with fantastic beaches and surrounded by crystal-clear water.

The island’s amount of healthy and colorful coral can’t be found anywhere else in the world. As climate change worsens, there’s no guarantee it’ll be around forever. Mamanuca is definitely one for the bucket list. Local hotels include First Landing Beach Resort at around $119 a night and Bluewater Lodge at around $60 a night.

An aerial view of the Mamanuca Islands. American. CC BY-SA 3.0

4. Whitsunday Islands, Australia

The Whitsundays, as they are locally known, are a series of 74 islands off the coast of Queensland, Australia. The most fascinating part of snorkeling in the Whitsunday Islands snorkeling is the Stepping Stones, a unique series of flat rock cylinders jutting up from almost 80 feet underwater. Swarming with batfish, wrasses and a wide variety of eels, these rocky structures are absolutely covered in coral.

The Stepping Stones are unlike anything else in the world. Of all the beautiful diving locations on the colossal Great Barrier Reef, there are few quite as unique as this. Local hotels include the Mantra Club Croc at $106 a night and the Kipara Tropical Rainforest Retreat at around $105 a night.

The Whitsunday Islands. eyeintim. CC 2.0

5. Isla Mujeres, Mexico

The biggest shark on Earth and completely harmless to humans, the whale shark swims docilely around feeding on tiny animals filtered through their colossal mouths. There are very few places on Earth where one can swim with these gentle giants, and Isla Mujeres is the best place to do so. Tours of the island are regulated by the government, allowing only a limited number of snorkelers in the water in order to avoid disturbing the creatures.

Isla Mujeres also features the world’s largest underwater museum, with more than 500 sculptures scattered across the ocean floor . From spectral human figures to huge stone grenades and mines, the legendary MUSA Museum provides snorkelers with a once-in-a-lifetime experience that has not been replicated anywhere else on Earth.

Whale sharks are incredible creatures, and Isla Mujeres offers one of the only ways to see them in their natural habitat. Hotels in the area include Hotel La Joya Isla Mujeres at $99 a night and the Ixchel Beach Hotel at around $165 a night.

A whale shark off the coast of Isla Mujeres. MarAlliance2018. CC BY-SA 4.0

6. Crystal River, Florida

Offering another first-hand experience with marine life, the Crystal River in Florida is the only place in the U.S. where snorkelers can come face-to-face with the endangered manatee. Lucky visitors can swim through hundreds of the bulky mammals as they make their way towards warmer waters for the winter. Many of the animals even choose to remain in parts of the river year-round.

Manatees are one of the most protected aquatic species in the world given how endangered they have become. Tours must be booked in advance through organizations that hold special permits, and snorkelers are strictly forbidden from touching the manatees. However, these animals are as curious as they are goofy— there is every chance that they’ll wind up bumping into you themselves.

There aren’t many manatees left on Earth. Crystal River does its utmost to protect the population that returns to its warm springs every year, and is gracious enough to provide visitors with the chance to meet these amazing creatures. This is a can’t-miss experience for anyone who loves the sea. Local hotels include the Plantation Resort on Crystal River from $113 a night and the Port Hotel and Marina at $105 a night.

A herd of manatees in Crystal River. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Headquarters. CC 2.0

7. Baa Atoll, Maldives

Dubbed a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve, Baa Atoll is a nearly perfectly preserved reef. Famed for its unbelievably rich ecosystem, the atoll is home to manta rays, whale sharks and several other endangered species which remain safe and secure in this heavily protected environment.

Coral reefs—and the animals that make their homes there—have been hit hard by climate change. Fortunately, humanity has stepped up to protect what we still can. Baa Atoll is a spectacular example of how we can still save our world and is well worth a visit to inspire others to help where they can as well. Local hotels are around $200/night and up.

The spectacular reefs of Baa Atoll. Ahmed Abdul Rahman. CC BY-SA 4.0

Largely still unexplored, the ocean is an entirely different world from the one we live in. The sheer amount of environments, animals and experiences that can be found are unparalleled in variety and beauty. Thanks to snorkeling, you can see some of the most gorgeous sights on Earth up close. In a world that’s constantly turning up new and unbelievable discoveries, there’s no telling what you’ll find on any given snorkeling session, no matter where you are.

Before Disney: 5 of the Most Elegant Castles in the World

October 25, 2024

Majestic castles have been a staple of medieval imagery for centuries. Here are some of the most fantastical to ever have been built.

Neuschwanstein Castle in Germany. Thomas Wolf. CC BY-SA 3.0

Throughout history, numerous cultures have dedicated abundant money and resources to building castles. From soaring towers on scenic cliffs to utilitarian structures, these majestic buildings mark an astonishing amount of land around the world.

But out of all of these castles, there are a few that stand out for their uniqueness — whether it be for their history, architecture, location or one-in-a-million beauty. This list highlights five of the most incredible castles in the world, all of which should be on every traveler’s bucket list.

Himeji Castle, Japan

The main structure of Himeji Castle. Gorgo. CC0

Also known as “White Heron Castle,” Himeji Castle is lauded as Japan’s best-preserved and most beautiful palace. Throughout history, wars, sieges and natural disasters have laid waste to almost every castle in Japan. Himeji is one of only twelve castles that have never been destroyed. Its immense, 80-building structure has remained completely intact since its construction in 1609. The main palace, a colossal wooden building of six stories, provides visitors with an incredible view of the sprawling grounds, a labyrinthine maze of winding paths and defensive barracks.

The city of Himeji, which lies at the foot of the castle, is also a popular spot for viewing Japan’s world-famous cherry blossoms. During Golden Week and the summer holiday, wait times to enter Himeji Castle can rise astronomically. Nonetheless, the view from the top is undoubtedly worth the wait during the seasons when these gorgeous trees are in full bloom.

Mont Saint-Michel, France

Mont Saint-Michel and its reflection in the bay. Lynx1211. CC BY-SA 4.0

Sitting atop an island in the middle of an idyllic bay, Mont Saint-Michel is a destination straight out of a fairy tale. The site was originally built as an abbey, constructed over several centuries with the funds of various French kings and dukes of Normandy. Over time, Mont Saint-Michel attracted monks from all across Europe and continues to remain a major Catholic pilgrimage site. The walls around the base of the island were added in an effort to keep the English out and provide reinforcement against centuries of conflict across the English Channel.

Today, the abbey is open to the public, with its gorgeous architecture and rich history on display. Visitors can explore the monks’ promenade, the refectory in which they took their meals and the glorious central church.

Peles Castle, Romania

A snapshot of Peles Castle. Marcin Szala. CC BY-SA 3.0

In 1872, the king of Romania purchased roughly two square miles to transform into a royal hunting ground. The next year, the king decided to construct what would become one of the world’s most beautiful castles. Situated in a fairy-tale mountain range, Peles Castle was initially used as a summer home for royalty but is now a museum open to the public.

Peles Castle has received many foreign dignitaries to Romania — including several US presidents — and has been featured in a handful of Hollywood movies. Many of the palace’s 170 rooms are dedicated to different cultures and art styles from over the centuries. Whether you’re interested in the architecture, the artistry or the celebrity guest list, Peles Castle is an unmissable sight that deserves a spot on the bucket list.

Prague Castle, Czech Republic

The massive Prague Castle. Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 4.0

By far the largest ancient castle in the world ( a vast 18 square acres), Prague Castle is also one of the most popular tourist destinations in Prague. Construction on the site began back in 870 when the central Church of the Virgin Mary was built. In the 14th century, the grounds were expanded into a fully functional fortress, after which the castle was reconstructed several times. When the nation was divided into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Communist influence was driven out of the region, and the castle became both the seat of the Head of State and a public museum.

Although visitors can view the grounds on their own, guided tours are the best way to experience Prague Castle. After making a tour reservation well in advance, guests will be taken into the Royal Crypt, the Saint Wenceslas Chapel and a variety of other locations that are normally off-limits.

Neuschwanstein Castle, Germany

Neuschwanstein in the heart of the German winter. Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 4.0

Neuschwanstein Castle, situated just miles from the border between Germany and Austria, is perhaps one of Europe’s most scenic and beautiful castles. Literally translated to “New Swan Stone” in English, Neuschwanstein was initially built both as a summer home and as a tribute to Richard Wagner and his classic opera “Knight of the Swan.” Although the king who commissioned the castle would not live to see its completion, construction continued after his death, and Neuschwanstein became one of the most storied palaces on Earth.

The castle’s biggest claim to fame is its status as the primary inspiration behind Disneyland’s Sleeping Beauty Castle. Due to security reasons, Neuschwanstein can only be accessed through guided tours, and photography of the interior is strictly prohibited. However (speaking from experience), the magnificent beauty of this mountain palace is unforgettable, even without pictures to look back on.

Castles are some of the greatest architectural feats that humanity has ever designed. They retain a majesty and presence that no other architecture can claim, and their status as icons of an entire era of history is unrivaled. If you’ve ever wanted to explore the past or experience the wildest fancies of the royal ruling class, look no further than these incredible destinations

A snapshot of Peles Castle. Marcin Szala. CC BY-SA 3.0

Prague Castle, Czech Republic

The massive Prague Castle. Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 4.0

Neuschwanstein Castle, Germany

Neuschwanstein in the heart of the German winter. Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 4.0

Autumn Around the World: The Best Fall Foliage

October 4, 2024

From hiking trails to botanical gardens, these five destinations exhibit the true beauty of autumn.

Fall foliage in New England. Anna Tuzel. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.

Though some may believe that autumn marks the end of vacation season, the changing temperature around the world creates stunning scenery worth visiting. From Japan to Scotland, the unique beauty of autumn is captured across various international landscapes, with a comfortable climate and seasonal activities creating the ultimate fall experience.

1. Kyoto, Japan

Tenryu-ji gardens during the autumn season. KimonBerlin. CC BY-SA 2.0.

Whether you are looking for a picture-perfect spot or a place to simply observe beautiful scenery, Kyoto, Japan may be your ideal destination. The fall scenery begins revealing itself in mid-October, peaking in mid-November and lasting until mid-December. There are a variety of areas to visit in Kyoto, including the Tenryu-ji Temple and Gardens. With peak foliage in late November to early December, the gardens’ ponds, pine trees and mountain views truly capture the most picturesque aspects of fall. When visiting the gardens, you can also tour the Tenryu-ji Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site regarded as the most valued temple in the Arashiyama district.

2. New England, US

Stowe, Vermont. Andrew Ryder. CC BY-NC 2.0.

Comprised of six U.S. states—Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine— New England offers a variety of ways to celebrate the autumn season. For a nature hike, you can explore Maine’s Acadia National Park during peak foliage in mid-October. Located in Mount Mansfield, Stowe is considered Vermont’s “color capital,” with autumn colors peaking in late September to early October. For those who enjoy road trips, driving down the Kancamagus Highway in New Hampshire could be your ideal fall expedition. New England also holds several fall festivals, such as the New Hampshire Fall Festival, Acadia’s Oktoberfest and the Deerfield Fair.

3. Edinburgh, Scotland

Princes Street Gardens, Edinburgh. dun_deagh. CC BY-SA 2.0.

For those who enjoy Halloween celebrations, Edinburgh is a great place to experience both the scenery and culture of autumn. Home to 112 parks, the city offers numerous areas in which one can admire the hues of fall, at its brightest between late September and early November. With a variety of walkways through golden trees and views of Edinburgh Castle, the Princes Street Gardens features one of the most scenic areas of Edinburgh. Close-by at Calton Hill, you can observe countryside scenery from the center of the city. Beyond its stunning foliage, Edinburgh also holds many Halloween events, such as the Scottish Storytelling Festival, the Edinburgh Horror Festival and the Samhuinn Fire Festival.

4. Québec City, Canada

Foliage in Québec City. G. Lamar Yancy. CC BY 2.0.

Don’t let the word “city” fool you, Québec City and its surrounding areas exhibit beautiful natural autumn hues, especially in September and October. For mountain views, visit Parc National de la Jacques-Cartier, which has over 62 miles of hiking trails. Mont-Sainte-Anne is also home to several hiking trails, featuring a chairlift to observe the scenic St. Lawrence River. For bird-watching, visit Marais du Nord to explore trails through marshes. Many urban parks in Québec City also capture the beauty of fall foliage, such as the Parc du Bois-de-Coulonge and Domaine de Maizerets.

5. Seoul, South Korea

Hiking trail in Seoul. Metrotrekker.com. CC BY-SA 4.0.

The emergence of foliage in Seoul is a gradual process, giving visitors many opportunities to enjoy the city’s beautiful scenery. However, in order to capture the full peak, it is recommended to visit between mid-October and mid-November. For autumn views and a look into the history of the Joseon Dynasty, visit the Hwadam Botanic Garden. For cable-car tours through the mountains, visit Naejangsan National Park, known for its vibrant red maple leaves. Animal-lovers may enjoy visiting Alpaca World, a farm in the Ginkgo Forest where visitors can interact with and feed alpacas. If you would like to partake in organized tours of these scenic areas, it is important to research the availability for your desired trip dates, as some sites, such as the Hwadam Botanic Garden, have limited tours.

Alexandra Copeland

Alexandra Copeland is a student at The College of New Jersey studying psychology and journalism. She is a lover of coffee, dancing, and visiting new places. Being raised with her Greek culture has inspired her interest in cultural customs around the world. She is a passionate writer and hopes that her work will make an impact in the future.

6 Surf Hostels Around the World

October 4, 2024

These budget-friendly accommodations offer more than a bed—they provide a community connection that unites oceans.

Main entrance of Playa Jaco, Costa Rica. Armando Olivo Martín del Campo. CC BY-SA 4.0

Wake up to crashing waves, grab your board, and paddle out. Surf hostels are not just places to rest your head; they’re miniature global hubs where travelers, surf enthusiasts and adventure seekers converge. Whether you’re a solo backpacker or part of a group, surf hostels foster friendships and shared experiences such as communal dinners, bonfires on the beach, and impromptu jam sessions with fellow travelers.

Hostels often offer surfboard rentals and lessons, making it an easy way to pick up new skills. Each hostel has its unique flavor, influenced by its location and culture. From Bali’s laid-back vibes to Portugal’s rugged beauty, you’ll taste local cuisines, explore places through their waters and witness unforgettable sunrises and sunsets.

1. 99 Surf Lodge - Popoyo, Nicaragua

Surfing in Popoyo, Nicaragua. Dylan Wooters. CC BY-SA 2.0

99 Surf Lodge in Popoyo, Nicaragua, is a sleek, low-slung modernist hotel that perfectly balances style and unpretentiousness. Situated right on the legendary surf beach of Popoyo, it offers a unique blend of comfort and adventure in a region that is hospitable yet not overdeveloped. Each room boasts an ocean view, allowing guests to check surf conditions from the comfort of their beds. The bungalows and suites, which can accommodate up to four guests, feature private verandas to enjoy the constant offshore breeze. Despite its design-hotel aesthetics, 99 Surf Lodge remains affordable, making it a great value destination. Surfing is the main attraction, but guests can enjoy various water activities and nearby mountain hikes. The hotel’s gym and the on-site restaurant, Taberna 99, provide additional amenities to fuel and rejuvenate guests. With yoga classes, retreats and two seasonal restaurants, including Mesquite, 99 Surf Lodge ensures a memorable stay. Whether surfing, dining or simply relaxing, this beachfront retreat perfectly blends modern comfort and natural beauty. 99 Surf Lodge is a higher-end surf hostel and rates start at $130 per night.

2. San Sebastian Surf Camp (Stoke Travel) - San Sebastian, Spain

Scenic view from the comb of the wind ride to the Ondarreta beach. Laura Peña. CC BY-SA 3.0

San Sebastian Surf CAMP, an all-inclusive surf house in the Spanish Basque Country, offers an exhilarating blend of surf, yoga, and vibrant nightlife. Since 2005, Stoke Travel’s Surf Camps have been the go-to destination for exploring San Sebastian and the Basque Country, providing an unbeatable combination of surfing and partying. Now located in a converted Basque farmhouse near Zarautz, the camp has only improved. The communal atmosphere is enhanced by staff who double as surf instructors and prepare all meals, ensuring a seamless experience. The basic package includes dorm accommodation in the scenic Pagoeta nature reserve, healthy homemade meals, daily pickups to Zarautz, introductory surf lessons, and daily yoga classes. Guests can also enjoy unlimited access to surf equipment, local activities, and an open bar for a small fee. With hearty home-cooked meals, welcoming vibes, and awesome parties, this surf camp promises an unforgettable experience. San Sebastian Surf CAMP offers a unique and immersive adventure in a stunning natural setting. There is a two-day minimum and rates start at $50 per night. Get in touch with San Sebastian Surf Camp (Stoke Travel) here.

3. Hostel & Surf Camp 55 - Ericeira, Portugal

Surfing at Praia do Matadouro. Web Summit. CC BY 2.0

Hostel & Surfcamp 55 in Ericeira, Portugal, is a fantastic destination for surfing beginners, embodying the slogan “When you feel the Ericeira 55 vibe you don’t want to leave…” Overlooking the ocean and located in the heart of Ericeira, this unique hostel offers a true surf and travel experience. It accommodates up to 22 guests in seven thematic rooms with sea views, providing a relaxed and colorful atmosphere. Guests can enjoy surf lessons, guiding and equipment on-site, as well as daily yoga retreats. The communal lounge area is perfect for socializing, and the shared kitchen allows guests to prepare their own meals or join themed dinners and wine tasting sessions. Located just a five-minute walk from the beach, Hostel 55 also offers free WiFi and various discounts on local activities, including bicycle and board rentals. With clean facilities, friendly staff, and a vibrant communal feel, Hostel & Surfcamp 55 ensures an unforgettable stay in the picturesque fishing village of Ericeira. The nightly rate is $40 and you can contact them here Hostel & Surf Camp 55.

4. Farm Hostel - Canggu, Indonesia

Young surfers in Bali, Indonesia. Tiket2. CC BY 2.0

The Farm Hostel in Canggu, Indonesia, offers an exceptional experience for travelers. With five different types of dorms, all air-conditioned and equipped with en-suite bathrooms, the hostel ensures maximum comfort and privacy. Each bed is larger than average, featuring curtains, a reading light, an international power outlet, and a large locker for personal belongings. Located just 1.2 miles from Batu Bolong Beach and Canggu Beach, The Farm Hostel provides accommodations with an outdoor swimming pool, free private parking, a garden and a shared lounge. Guests can enjoy free WiFi, a bar, and a restaurant serving international cuisine with vegetarian, dairy-free, and vegan options. The hostel also offers a paid airport shuttle service.

Nestled at the end of a peaceful cul-de-sac surrounded by rice fields, banana trees, bamboo and a running stream, The Farm Hostel is a tranquil retreat. Despite its serene location, it is just minutes away from great surf spots, tasty food, vibrant nightlife, and excellent coffee. Since its opening in 2015, The Farm has grown from 22 beds to 118 beds, featuring nine mixed dorms and seven female dorms. With high-speed internet, a small breakfast included, two pools, multiple common areas and a central location in Canggu, The Farm Hostel is a must-stay destination in Bali and rates start at $36 per night.

5. Rosemary Hostel - Florianópolis, Brazil

Praia Mole, Florianopolis, SC, Brasil. Papa Pic from Eldorado, Argentina. CC0

Rosemary Hostel in Florianopolis, Brazil, offers a unique and empowering experience for travelers. Located just a minute’s walk from Trilha Da Galheta and a short distance from Praia da Barra da Lagoa, this hostel provides an ideal setting for reconnecting with nature. With eight rooms featuring climate control, private balconies and mini fridges, guests can enjoy a comfortable and convenient stay. The hostel is well-connected to local attractions, including the Open Sea Turtle Museum and Barra da Lagoa Natural Pools. Guests can savor South American cuisine at the nearby Restaurante Maria & Maria or explore the vibrant Praia Barra da Lagoa district. Rosemary Hostel is designed to challenge both body and mind, offering exceptional accommodation, healthy meals and inspiring activities. Whether you’re looking to relax or embark on an adventure, Rosemary Hostel promises a memorable stay with its international family, the Dream Team. The Rosemary Hostel’s nightly rates begin at $33, and there are several different types of accommodation.

6. ITH Beach Bungalow Surf Hostel - San Diego, CA, USA

Surfing in San Diego, California. Bengt Nyman. CC BY 2.0

ITH Beach Bungalow Surf Hostel in San Diego offers an unparalleled experience right on the boardwalk overlooking the ocean in Pacific Beach. Known for its cozy beds, beachfront facilities, and friendly hosts passionate about showcasing local culture, this hostel invites guests to bring their beach clothes and flip-flops and immerse themselves in the surf lifestyle. The hostel emphasizes sustainable lodging, cultural contact and providing a unique hosted experience. Guests can enjoy oceanfront accommodations just 1.9 miles from Belmont Amusement Park, with amenities including BBQ facilities, a garden and a shared lounge. A daily free continental breakfast is provided, featuring bread, fruit, cereal, oatmeal and coffee. The hostel also offers a 24-hour front desk, indoor lounge with workstations and table tennis. With several room options, including female-only, coed dorms, and private rooms, all with ensuite bathrooms, ITH Beach Bungalow Surf Hostel ensures a comfortable stay. The large private outdoor deck is perfect for socializing, checking out the waves and soaking up the sunshine. Hosted social events, surfboard, wetsuit and bike rentals, as well as partnerships with top-rated wellness and yoga studios, make this hostel a legendary spot for travelers since the 1980s. Whether you’re surfing, relaxing or exploring, ITH Beach Bungalow Surf Hostel promises a social, friendly, and fun atmosphere with rates starting at $49 a night

Julz Vargas

Julz is a student at Wellesley College studying Anthropology and Spanish. She grew up in Los Angeles, CA, and has studied all around the world in places such as Costa Rica, Greece, Iceland, and Spain. She is passionate about employing writing as a tool to explore human connection and diversity. Julz aspires to foster cross-cultural connections through community-based research, amplifying inclusive and diverse media about global cultures, foods, and people, to encourage individuals to engage more wholly with the world.

Hot Spots: 6 Volcanic Adventures Around the Globe

August 27, 2024

Volcanoes are spectacular natural phenomena, drawing millions of adventurers from far and wide hoping to catch a glimpse of their awesome power.

Lava flowing from a volcano in Iceland. Global Panorama. CC BY-SA 2.0

Volcanic destinations around the world have drawn visitors for centuries, and despite the risks, volcanic tourism has been on the rise since the COVID-19 pandemic. While destinations like Hawaii, Iceland and Italy often take center stage in discussions of volcanic tourism, there are many more incredible destinations around the world.

1. Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica

Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica. smilla4. CC BY-NC 2.0

The Arenal Volcano towers over the northern lowlands of Costa Rica, offering incredible sights and activities to travelers. Until 2010, the Arenal Volcano was a destination for thrill-seekers hoping to witness eruptions and lava flow, although it has since fallen into a resting phase.

While the recent dormancy has been disappointing for visitors hoping to see lava, the Arenal Volcano continues to present engaging activities and spectacular views. While visiting the area, adventurers can hike, relax in the hot springs, and spend time along the numerous lakes and rivers.

2. Mount Batur, Indonesia

Mount Batur, Indonesia. _paVan_. CC BY 2.0

In Bali's Kintamani province stands Mount Batur, an active volcano renowned for hiking activities. In order to hike Mount Batur, travelers are strongly advised to hire a tour guide through the official Association Of Mount Batur Trekking Guides. The trip from the base to the summit can take one to two hours.

Sunrise is the most popular time to hike Mount Batur. As visitors gather on the summit to soak up the sunrise, vendors can be found using volcanic steam to boil eggs and cook noodles for hungry travelers. Along the road from Mount Batur to the Batur Caldera Lake, adventurers can visit the Ulun Danu Batur temple and several hot springs.

3. Mount Etna, Italy

Mount Etna, Italy. Naval S. CC BY-NC 2.0

As one of the world’s tallest and most active volcanoes and the tallest volcano in Europe, Mount Etna has long been a hot spot for travelers visiting Sicily. Mount Etna first erupted 570,000 years ago, making it a gem for geological historians and interested travelers alike.

Travelers can find guided tours that depart from several locations including Taormina, Catania and Messina. After arriving at Mount Etna, tours begin with a cable car ride that reaches almost ten thousand feet. From there, travelers can choose to proceed in a tour by car or on foot. For hikers, the recommended time to visit is March through September.

4. Piton de la Fournaise, Reunion Island, France

Piton de la Fournaise, France. Flickr @BOENE75. CC BY-SA 2.0

Located on Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean, the Piton de la Fournaise is an iconic volcano and Reunion’s most popular attraction. Despite its status as an active volcano, the Piton de la Fournaise is open to everyone regardless of age and draws about 400,000 visitors every year.

Travelers can venture from the coast to the summit on foot or by car, and there are even lava tunnels open for exploration. During a three-and-a-half-hour tour of the lava tunnels, travelers can witness the halls and galleries created by a lava flow in 2004. To learn about the science and history of Piton de la Fournaise, travelers can also visit the Cite du Volcan Museum.

5. Stromboli, Italy

Stromboli Village, Italy. Johannes Zielcke. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

One of seven volcanic islands in the Aeolian Archipelago north of Sicily, Stromboli is home to one of the most active volcanoes in the world. The volcano, which locals call Iddu, has left on-lookers in awe for thousands of years. Stromboli is full of breathtaking contrasts, from the white houses surrounded by black sand beaches to the lava against the night sky.

Travelers can take guided tours by boat or on foot. Booking a guided tour is essential considering Stromboli is very active and involves risk. Despite the active status of the volcano, hundreds of visitors are drawn to view the lava glow during sunset.

6. Thrihnukagigur Volcano, Iceland

Inside the Thrihnukagigur Volcano lava chamber. Miki Jourdan. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

At the Thrihnukagigur Volcano in Iceland, adventurous travelers can visit the only accessible lava chamber on the planet. Translated to “Three Peaks Crater”, Thrihnukagigur is a low-risk destination that has been dormant for over 4,000 years. The three peaks of Thrihnukagigur formed from three separate eruptions thousands of years ago.

The crater of the Thrihnukagigur Volcano is so deep the Statue of Liberty could fit inside. The bottom of the crater dates back to 30 to 40 thousand years ago, approximately the beginning of modern humankind. Since the volcano went dormant, the lava chamber at the heart of the volcano emptied, allowing visitors to glimpse this rare geologic gem.

Madison Paulus

Madison is a student at George Washington University studying international affairs, journalism, mass communication, and Arabic. Born and raised in Seattle, Washington, Madison grew up in a creative, open-minded environment. With passions for human rights and social justice, Madison uses her writing skills to educate and advocate. In the future, Madison hopes to pursue a career in science communication or travel journalism.

Eco-Villages: 6 Unique Communities Embracing Sustainability

August 20, 2024

From Australia to Peru, eco-villages offer sustainable living alternatives for people around the world.

Rainbow Destinations: 8 Cities That Shine During Pride

May 23, 2024

With an estimated one in 10 people around the world identifying as LGBTQIA+, there are many destinations for LGBTQIA+ community members and allies to celebrate Pride, from New York to Taipei.

Pride flag at Pride Parade. William Murphy. CC BY-SA 2.0

The first official Pride parades in 1970 commemorated the first anniversary of the Stonewall Riots. On June 28, 1969, the New York City police raided an LGBTQIA+ safe space called the Stonewall Inn. Six days of protests, where thousands denounced the treatment of the LGBTQIA+ community, followed the raid. Since the first series of Pride parades sprung up across the United States in the 1970s, Pride celebrations have spread to every continent, including Antarctica.

1. Berlin, Germany

Partygoers at a Pride Parade in Berlin, Germany. David J. CC BY 2.0

Sometimes referred to as ‘the capital of the rainbow’, Berlin is among the most popular LGBTQIA+ travel destinations and boasts many Pride events. During the Pride Weeks between June 28th and July 27th, 2024, Berlin will celebrate LGBTQIA+ Pride with Christopher Street Day and the Lesbian and Gay Street Festival, the largest LGBTQIA+ street festival in Europe. Drawing hundreds of thousands of people, Berlin’s Pride events are vibrant and full of music and performances.

The epicenter of Berlin’s Pride celebrations can be found around Nollendorfplatz Street in Schoneberg. Filled with memorials of LGBTQIA+ martyrs and icons, travelers can immerse in German LGBTQIA+ history. Beyond the Pride festivities, visitors can enjoy events and workshops at the Gay Museum, or explore nightlife in Berlin’s array of clubs and bars.

2. Cape Town, South Africa

Pride Parade float in Cape Town, South Africa. richie rocket. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

As one of the most welcoming countries for LGBTQIA+ travelers in Africa, South Africa is home to a variety of Pride parades and events. At the end of South Africa’s summer, between February 27th and May 2nd, 2024, Cape Town’s Pride events offer travelers the opportunity to celebrate pride with many unique activities.

From drag brunches to the Pets for Pride Promenade Walk, travelers have many events to choose from beyond the parade itself. Following the Pride Parade on February 27th, 2024, the celebration continues with the Pride Mardi Gras, featuring performances from drag performers, musicians and DJs.

3. London, UK

A participant in the London Pride Parade. Adrian Snood. CC BY-NC 2.0

Travelers can experience the UK’s biggest and most diverse Pride celebration in London. Since the first Pride Parade in London in 1972, London’s Pride has grown to be one of the largest Pride events in the world. London’s Pride features the Pride Festival along with the Pride in London Parade.

Throughout June, explorers can experience everything from exhibitions to cabaret shows at the Pride Festival. On June 29th, 2024 at the Pride Parade, attendees can cheer for hundreds of LGBTQIA+ community groups, non-profits, and businesses as they make their way through the streets.

4. Montevideo, Uruguay

Pride festivities in Montevideo, Uruguay. Montecruz Foto. CC BY-SA 2.0

Often rated as one of the most ‘gay-friendly’ cities in the world, the largest LGBTQIA+ Pride celebrations can be found in Montevideo, where tens of thousands flock to the annual events. Montevideo Pride began in the 1990s and will be celebrated on September 27th 2024.

LGBTQIA+-friendly activities in Montevideo span well beyond official Pride events. In Montevideo, travelers have many LGBTQIA+ destinations at their fingertips, including LGBTQIA+ bars and clubs like the Chains Pub and the Cain Dance Club. Curious explorers also have access to over 40 exhibitions and museums where they can delve further into the city's history and culture.

5. New York, U.S.A

Pride Parade in New York City. DVSROSS. CC BY 2.0

As the birthplace of Pride, New York City is an iconic destination to enjoy Pride festivities on June 30th, 2024. On this day, the streets are filled with rainbows as the Pride March and other Pride celebrations commence.

The Pride March is accompanied by PrideFest, a street fair where attendees can engage in games and other activities while supporting local business owners. At specialized events such as Bliss Days, which celebrates LGBTQIA+ women, participants can enjoy live music from DJs and dance performances.

6. San Francisco, U.S.A

Decorations for Pride, San Francisco. Lindsey Rodgers. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Pride has been celebrated in San Francisco for 54 years. Since then, the entire month of June has become full of Pride celebrations and events. On June 1st, 2024, there will be the first Block Party during San Francisco Pride. During the Block Party, celebrants can enjoy meals from BIPOC-owned food trucks accompanied by local LGBTQIA+ entertainment and connect with local vendors and businesses.

On June 7th, 2024 at the Pride Kickoff Party travelers can dive into Pride celebrations alongside live shows from drag to film. Those interested in human rights and international politics can learn from experts at the San Francisco Pride’s Human Rights Summit on June 27th, 2024. San Francisco's Pride month then comes to a close on June 30th with the Pride Parade.

7. Taipei, Taiwan

Pride Parade in Taipei, Taiwan. Ironypoisoning. CC BY-SA 2.0

Every year, between the 27th and the 29th of October, the Taiwan Rainbow Civil Action Organization organizes the largest LGBTQIA+ Pride in East Asia. Taipei is an ideal destination to embrace Pride in Taiwan, with nearly 200,000 people partaking in Taipei’s Pride in 2023.

A part of the Pride festivities is the Taipei Rainbow Festival, where people can support LGBTQIA+-friendly artists and local brands. Accompanying the booths, visitors can enjoy live musical performances by LGBTQIA+ performers and DJs. Besides the lively Pride celebrations, Taipei boasts natural and architectural wonders, from the Yangmingshan National Park to the Longshan Temple.

8. Sao Paulo, Brazil

A banner in the Sao Paulo, Brazil Pride Parade. Mídia NINJA. CC BY-NC 2.0

Between May 30th and June 2nd, Sao Paulo comes to life with Pride celebrations. Beginning with the metropolis's Diversity Cultural Fair and ending with its Pride Parade, the Pride weekend is full of alluring activities for travelers and locals alike.

With nearly 20 floats carrying dozens of performing artists and electronic music filling Paulista Avenue, Sao Paulo’s Pride Parade draws visitors from around the world. During the city's 27th Pride celebration in 2023, over three million people took to the streets for its Pride Parade.

May Day Magic: How Different Countries Celebrate

April 29, 2024

Sixty-six countries around the world recognize May Day, and a variety of different celebrations and traditions can be found throughout Europe.

May Day bouquets. Alyss. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

The roots of May Day are in the Gaelic Beltane Festival and Roman Floralia. In 1891, the first of May also became recognized as International Workers Day. Over the years, May Day festivities have maintained ancient traditions while evolving to include modern activities from picnics to music festivals.

England

Children performing the Maypole Dance. Pete Ashton. CC BY-NC 2.0

England boasts a long history of May Day celebrations. Traditional Maypole dances can still be seen throughout the country. These dances are often performed by children adorned with flowers who hold ribbons connected to the Maypole.

The ribbons create a colorful design as the children dance around the maypole. Said to represent the increase of daylight between the winter and summer months, this tradition is around 600 years old.

Beyond witnessing this traditional dance, history enthusiasts can witness re-enactments of conflict between the Vikings and Saxons at Corfe Castle in Dorset.

Finland

Finnish May Day celebrations are called Vappu, and are celebrated on April 30th and May 1st. During the festivities, travelers can see streets and parks dotted with white hats; these hats are secondary-school graduation caps, which have become a staple of the Vappu celebration.

During Vappu, Finland is incredibly lively, full of parties, picnics, parades and political speeches. These events are accompanied by several traditional delicacies, including Finnish May Day funnel cakes called Tippaleipa, Finnish donuts called Munkki, and a unique kind of mead called Sima.

France

In France, May Day is known to be a day of rest when nearly every business is closed in honor of Labour Day, although flower shops and stands are allowed an exception. This is because Lily of the Valley flowers, called Muguet in French, are a staple May Day tradition.

During the holidays, Lilies of the Valley are exchanged between family and friends as a symbol of good luck. During May Day, French streets are strewn with these flowers as this day marks the only time of the year when people are allowed to sell these flowers on the street without requiring a license or taxation.

Germany

On the eve of May Day, Germans celebrate Walpurgisnacht, a spring festival with a history rooted in witchcraft. This tradition has its origin in the belief that witches celebrate the coming of spring on the summit of Blocksberg Mountain. During Walpurgisnacht, festivalgoers can dance around bonfires and indulge in Maibowle, a punch made up of white and sparkling wines and wild woodruff.

On May Day, parades featuring brass bands make their way through the streets, followed by maypole dances and public gatherings filled with bratwursts and beer. A festival for dark rock and arts has also been celebrated in Leipzig since 1992, drawing goths from around the world.

Greece

May Day has been celebrated in Greece long before its association with Labour Day. Protomagia, the traditional Greek May Day celebration, has been a time for Greeks to celebrate rebirth and honor the dead for centuries.

While traditions vary across regions, many feature lively singing, dancing and rituals. A few of these customs include women singing traditional May Day songs while dancing around bonfires. Children also leap over the bonfires to symbolize the end of winter and banish disease.

Greenery and flowers have long symbolized vivacity and fertility. In preparation, people collect wildflowers from the countryside and create wreaths. These wreaths can be found on balconies and doors across the country, intended to ward off evil. These wreaths are then preserved and tossed into bonfires during the Feast Day of Aghios Ioannis Klidonas on June 24th.

Ireland

Traditionally, Ireland celebrated the Beltane Festival, including Maypoles and May Bushes, which were usually Hawthorn bushes decorated with ribbons and occasionally colored eggshells left over from Easter.

Children in Dublin would wander the streets in search of money, candles or sweets by approaching people and saying “Long Life, a pretty wife, and a candle for the May Bush”.

While these traditions have largely died out, travelers can still find bonfires in counties like Clare and Limerick. Partygoers celebrate throughout the country, enjoying the holiday with family and friends.

Italy

May Day Concert, 2008. Gniliep. CC BY 2.0

For May Day, Italy hosts the largest free music event in Europe. The May Day Concert in Rome's Piazza San Giovanni in Laterano began in 1990 and has drawn thousands of people every year since. At this event, travelers can experience live music and street events.

Beyond the May Day Concert, Italians and visitors alike use the holiday as an opportunity to soak up the sun and indulge in Italy’s rich culture. Italy has many beaches, such as Salento, where people can celebrate the coming of spring along the water. People also flock to San Gimignano, home to incredible wine, architecture, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site at the city center.

Scotland

Performers at the Beltane Fire Festival, 2009. Martin Robertson. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Scotland is another destination where the Beltane Festival is celebrated. Since the 1980s, traditional Beltane celebrations have been revived with modern additions.

One of the most prominent celebrations occurs on April 30th in Edinburgh. Every year, around 10,000 people from around the world are drawn to the Beltane Fire Festival. During the festival, a procession filled with drums travels through the streets, led by traditional May Day characters like the Green Man and the May Queen.

Following the procession, there is a three-hour stage performance which is concluded by the lighting of a bonfire. At the festival, visitors have the opportunity to immerse themselves in the traditional performances and support local businesses

Exploring Mauritius: 6 Must See Destinations

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This tiny island nation in Africa offers destinations exploring its complex colonial history, stunning beaches and unique outdoor adventures

Starry Nights: 6 Stargazing Destinations on 5 Continents

March 28, 2024

Get excited for International Dark Sky Week by exploring a few of the best stargazing destinations the world has to offer.

8 Reasons to Visit Oman

March 28, 2024

Oman is truly a feast of the senses—a remarkable getaway for anyone seeking a fulfilling adventure.

The Grand Mosque in Muscat, Oman. Madison Paulus

After returning from study abroad in Oman, I have a newfound admiration for the country’s history, culture, views and activities. The vitality of Omani culture despite outside influence is admirable and I could see it reflected everywhere I went. From the very first day, I felt welcomed and immersed within the Omani lifestyle. This trip was an incredible experience, inspiring me to share eight reasons why you should experience Oman.

1. Rich History

View of a mosque from the Nizwa Fort. Madison Paulus

Oman is the oldest independent nation in the region, brimming with about 1,000 well preserved historical sites. While civilization in Oman began around 100,000 years ago, many popular historical sites came about during Portuguese occupation between 1507 and 1650.

In Muscat, the capital of Oman, explorers can find several forts. The Muttrah Fort, which the Portuguese built in 1507 can be found at the heart of Muscat's coast. Here, travelers can gaze upon 500-year-old lookouts.

The Mutrah Fort serves as a vantage point for travelers as it is nearby several other must-see spots, including the Mutrah Market, Al Alam Palace and the National Museum of Oman. Many other castles and forts can be found strewn across Oman, including the Nizwa Fort and Jibreen Castle.

2. Fruitful Culture

A man making pottery at the Jibreen Castle. Madison Paulus

Oman boasts an impressive blend of cultures. The Omani empire once ruled an area spanning from the east coast of Africa up to present-day Oman. Because of the vast territory and major role in trade, African, Arabian and Asian influences can be found embedded within Omani culture.

Home to more than 130 various types of traditional dances and music, Oman’s performance arts delight travelers and locals alike. Omanis are also expressive through their dress. Women can often be seen in vibrant clothing featuring intricate designs that are unique to each region. Men wearing dishdashas dot the streets, sometimes sporting traditional Khanjars (daggers) on special occasions.

Omani hospitality is another key feature of Omani culture. Omanis are known to be warm and welcoming to travelers, sure to offer friendly interactions and generous gifts for guests including coffee, dates and frankincense. For those searching for opportunities to immerse in Omani culture, there are many festivals open to travelers, including the Muscat Festival and the Salalah Festival.

3. Culinary Diversity

A variety of spices at the Nizwa Market. Madison Paulus

As with the culture, Omani food features Arabian, Asian and African influences. Some renowned Omani dishes include Shuwa, Rukhal bread and Halwa. Shuwa is a unique dish saved for special occasions. Meticulously prepared, Shuwa consists of meat cooked in a clay oven underground for up to two days, giving way to a tender, spice-filled delicacy.

Rukhal bread is a delightful addition that can be found accompanying any meal. Traditionally cooked over flaming palm leaves, Rukhal bread is round and thin, often served with honey or date syrup in the morning or sprinkled across meat and rice dishes throughout the rest of the day.

Halwa is a labor of love, often symbolic of Omani hospitality. A sticky, gelatinous treat, Halwa is usually made by combining water, ghee, corn flour, sugar and additional flavorings such as rose water or saffron in a large copper pot. Beyond the restaurants and markets, an ideal place where explorers can indulge in Omani cuisine is the Muscat Eat Food Festival.

4. Unique Commodities

A display of Amouage perfume at the Mall of Oman. Madison Paulus

With an abundance of frankincense and other natural resources, Oman is home to many exceptional goods. Fragrances in particular are an Omani specialty, and Amouage is an exhibition of this expertise. A popular Omani luxury fragrance brand, Amouage draws from Oman’s natural wonders to create enchanting scents, incorporating locally sourced rock roses, ambergris and frankincense.

While the products aren't budget friendly for many people, travelers can tour the only Amouage factory in the world for free in Muscat, getting a behind-the-scenes look and while sampling their extravagant fragrances along the way.

If perfumes aren’t your thing, the smell of burning frankincense and oud can be experienced all over the country. For those who wish to bring the essence of Oman home with them, these products, along with traditional burners, can be found easily at shops and markets.

5. Vibrant Art

Hand-woven baskets on display at the Nizwa Market. Madison Paulus

Many art forms have been intertwined with Omani culture for thousands of years. Pottery is a 5,000-year-old tradition in Oman that is still present across the country. Holding great historical value, pottery has been integral in the lives of Omanis for thousands of years.

While pottery today is often decorative, its historical and cultural value has been maintained here. In the ancient Omani state of Bahla, explorers can buy pottery from local sculptures or even learn how to make their own at the Al Adawi factory.

Other intriguing Omani handicrafts include basket weaving and silversmithing. Hand-woven baskets made of date palm or other natural fibers can be found in markets across the country, and travelers can witness the process in action at the Nizwa Fort. Silver goods like khanjar (daggers) and jewelry can also be found throughout Oman’s markets, symbolic of Omani heritage and good fortune.

6. Comfortable Climate

A view of the landscape from atop the Nizwa Fort. Madison Paulus

Oman’s weather and climate vary significantly by region, easily accommodating travelers’ preferences. With the interior's dry deserts surrounded by southwest summer monsoons and hot, humid coastlines, Oman offers a warm getaway whether you like sun or rain.

Because of this variation, Oman is a year-round destination, with northern Oman attracting many during the months of October through April, and the South drawing explorers most during July, August, and September, according to a presentation by Zahara Tours.

7. Natural Wonders

Camels sit in the sand outside the Arabian Oryx Camp. Madison Paulus

Oman’s ecosystems feature a huge diversity of plants and animals, from rock roses and apricots to turtles and camels. With 20 official nature reserves, travelers are offered a wide array of destinations to appreciate Oman’s natural beauty from the mountains to the sea.

Some iconic destinations for explorers to witness nature at its finest include the Al Jinz Turtle Reserve and Daymaniyat Island, where you can swim with whale sharks as they migrate south every summer.

With several caves beneath the earth and many wonders like waterfalls and valleys above, Oman’s astonishing ecology is situated in equally breathtaking natural landscapes.

8. Adventurous Activities

A Dhow boat sailing in the Gulf of Oman. Madison Paulus

Travelers itching for activity have countless options in Oman. Hikers will feel right at home, with many trails at varying levels of difficulty found throughout the Hajar and Musandam mountains.

Travelers can also explore the desert on camel-back or by riding on ATVs. The Arabian Oryx Camp is a perfect spot for either, in addition to offering Bedouin-style accommodations and authentic Arab cuisine.

For those who prefer to spend time in the water, Oman’s nearly 1,300 miles of coastline offers beaches where travelers can swim and snorkel through blue waters.

Graffiti Capitals: 9 of the World’s Best Cities for Street Art

March 12, 2024

From Argentina to Estonia, artists around the world commemorate and contribute to city culture through street art.

Street art by Cabaio Stencil in Bueno Aires, Argentina. Parisa. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

1. Bogota, Colombia

Street art in Bogota, Columbia. McKay Savage. CC BY 2.0

Lying in the east Andes mountains, Colombia’s capital Bogota is home to blocks of mural-covered walls. While graffiti has been decriminalized since 2013, the road to get here was violent. In 2011, 16-year-old Diego Becerra was shot and killed by police for spray painting, causing an uproar among Bogota’s residents.

The following advocacy to decriminalize spray painting was successful. The government’s relationship with street art continued to evolve after Justin Bieber visited Bogota in 2013 and was allowed to spray paint with police protection. The hypocrisy of giving special license and support to the Canadian singer spurred further advocacy, and now Bogota’s government actively promotes spray painting and other forms of street art.

Today, travelers can revel in Bogota’s street art throughout the city, from the airport to downtown. Some must-see destinations include Distrito Graffiti, an industrial area where two whole blocks are decorated with vibrant paint, and La Candelaria, Bogota’s historical quarter featuring murals strewn throughout storefronts and parks.

2. Buenos Aires, Argentina

Street art in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Wally Gobetz. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Home of the record-breaking mural spanning over 20,000 square feet, Buenos Aires boasts a flourishing street art scene thanks to minimal restrictions and generally supportive attitudes.

Stimulating murals dot the Argentine capital from north to south. Here, artists use cityscapes as a canvas to pay homage to their history and culture through vibrant and satirical murals.

Travelers have access to a variety of ways to take in these works of art, from strolling about to partaking in self-guided or private tours. For those with tight budgets yearning to experience some of these masterpieces, there are several online exhibits only a click away.

3. Cape Town, South Africa

Street art in Cape Town, South Africa. Tsn92. CC BY 2.0

Situated among mountains on the Atlantic Ocean, Cape Town has a history drenched in creativity in spite of longstanding adversity. Areas like District Six maintained vibrant cultural and artistic diversity throughout Apartheid, while some areas such as Woodstock have had a post-Apartheid revival.

During the 1980s, Cape Town's graffiti culture materialized as a tool to resist apartheid, with artists like Falko One using their street art to address injustice. Despite 30 years having passed since the collapse of the Apartheid regime, segregation and inequity persist alongside the street art calling attention to them.

In February 2024, the eighth International Public Arts Festival took place in Cape Town. Each year, the festival offers locals and explorers alike an opportunity to immerse themselves in Cape Town’s street art culture.

4. Lisbon, Portugal

Street art in Lisbon, Portugal. Pedro Ribeiro Simões. CC BY 2.0 DEED

The evolution of Lisbon’s street art is exceptional, transforming a city with predominantly white buildings into one renowned for its color-filled streets over the past three centuries.

Color began to be incorporated into building designs during the 1750s, and street art as we know it today didn’t appear until the democratic revolution in 1974. Meanwhile, an even deeper past lies underneath the streets in the 2,000-year-old Roman Galleries, where visitors can find ancient inscriptions on the tunnel walls.

Now, buildings across the city serve as canvases for artists, with many spanning several stories. Lisbon street artists don’t limit themselves to spray paint. Artists such as Vhils and Bordalo II get creative with their methods, incorporating chiseling techniques and found objects into their work.

5. Lodz, Poland

Street art in Lodz, Poland. Aira. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

Often referred to as the capital of Polish street art, Lodz is a city with a rich history in the arts, gaining recognition over the years for its audiovisual arts scene ranging from fashion to film.

Many organizations have taken initiatives to support and expand street art in Lodz. Since 2009 the Urban Forms Foundation has been at the forefront of Lodz's street art movement. This organization offers advice to urban artists while maintaining the Urban Forms Gallery, a collection of creatively coated walls intended to bring life and recognition to the community.

Local street artists like M-City and the Etam Crew enhance the landscape with murals in styles ranging from futurism to realism. Lodz draws urban artists from around the world, with the Urban Forms Gallery project engaging artists from eight countries.

6. Penang, Malaysia

Street art in Penang, Malaysia. Mohd Fazlin Mohd Effendy Ooi. CC BY 2.0

Hundreds of murals drape the skyline of Penang, Malaysia. The street art movement began in 2012 when the Penang Tourist Board commissioned Ukrainian street artist Ernest Zacharevic.

Street art in Penang has since been a means of reflecting community culture and values. Zacharevic’s murals center on local communities and history, and can be seen throughout George Town. In the same city, travelers can also admire pieces like the 12-mural series of stray cats created by local organizations using street art to call attention to issues like animal welfare.

7. Stavanger, Norway

Street art in Stavanger, Norway. Sílvia Darnís. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 DEED

In Stavanger, Norway, explorers can gaze upon the paradox of traditional architecture contrasted with progressive street art. Here, travelers can find a plethora of urban masterpieces created by world-famous street artists like Banksy and local talent like Algebra.

The dynamic street art scene today can be traced back to the Nuart Street Art Festival. Since 2001, the Nuart Festival has gathered teams of street artists from around the world to collaborate on projects throughout Stavanger. Beyond the creation of new street art, the Nuart Festival contributes to Stavanger’s urban art culture by hosting events, tours and workshops around the city.

For those looking to take a step further into the world of street art, some street artists in Stavanger offer classes.

8. Tallinn, Estonia

Street art in Tallinn, Estonia. Karen Bryan. CC BY-ND 2.0 DEED

Although the emergence of street art in Tallinn, Estonia, is fairly recent, this city has much to offer to travelers seeking masterful creations on city walls. In 2016, an official street art program began, initially centered around street dance, but some initial mural painting provided building blocks for a soon-to-be burgeoning street art movement.

The following year, the Mextonia Festival brought Estonian and international street art into the spotlight. This cross-cultural festival was a gift from Mexico to celebrate 100 years of independence for the Baltic nation. Today, visitors can see collaborative murals from this festival incorporating folk mythology and symbolism. Over 30 murals from the Mextonia Festival dot highways and cover walls throughout the city.

9. Valparaiso, Chile

Street art in Valparaiso, Chile. Gabriel White. CC BY-SA 2.0 DEED

Located on Central Chile’s Pacific Coast and often referred to as the Jewel of the Pacific, Valparaiso Chile is known to be among the most tagged cities in the world. Some murals in Valparaiso created by artists like Roberto Matta date back to the 1960s.

A couple of the best places to view Valparaiso’s breathtaking street art are Templeman Street and the open-air street art museum in Bellavista. Valparaiso’s hilly terrain provides numerous viewpoints for street art gazing.

A unique piece created in 2012 by Inti Castro spans three buildings and can only be viewed from Paseo de Atkinson in Concepcion Hill and Carcel Hill. Castro’s horizontal giant is far from the only street art you can see at Concepcion Hill, which is a great starting point for self-guided tours.

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5 Animals at Risk of Extinction

January 31, 2024

The risk of depleting ocean resources and the practice of poaching is driving many vulnerable species to extinction.

*Two elephants playing in a forest scene. Future Kiiid. CC0.*

A growing number of the planet's animals are teetering on the brink of extinction. These critically endangered species face an uncertain future due to the dire effects of poaching, habitat loss, climate change and other environmental pressures. Wildlife populations of a variety of species have been declining in recent years in a phenomenon known as the Global Extinction Crisis. The risks this entails are a drop in biodiversity as well as decreased resource availability for people. Efforts to combat this trend include the protection of natural habitats, reduced pollution and the enactment of measures to restrict or eliminate overfishing and overhunting.

Blue Whale

The blue whale, or Balaenoptera musculus, is the largest creature on Earth and a symbol of oceanic grandeur. Despite their colossal size, blue whales are surprisingly vulnerable due to various human-induced factors. Collisions with large vessels and entanglement in fishing gear pose grave risks to their survival. Furthermore, the pervasive issue of climate change has disrupted the availability of their primary prey, krill, as warming oceans alter the distribution of these tiny crustaceans. Efforts such as establishing marine protected areas, restricting boat speed and advocating for sustainable fishing practices are crucial steps to safeguard the future of blue whales.

Black Rhino

The black rhinoceros, alternately diceros bicornis in scientific Latin, resides in climatically warm eastern and southern Africa in countries like Kenya and Zambia. They are the smaller of the two main African rhino species, the other being the white rhino, but just as threatened. Overall, the species is listed as “critically endangered”, but three subspecies of the rhinoceros, including the western and southern black rhino, have already been declared extinct. By the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) approximation, there are just under 6,500 black rhinos in Africa, a number currently increasing due to conservation efforts.. Despite this, they are threatened by habitat reduction and poaching, the animals long being prized for their famous horns. Between 1960 and 1995, the population suffered severe reduction in its numbers and survival rates because of this brutal practice. Conservation efforts, such as anti-poaching laws, community measures and habitat awareness are critical to preventing the complete disappearance of the black rhino from our planet.

Yangtze Finless Porpoise

*Finless Porpoises Swimming. Foooomio. CC by 2.0.*

The Yangtze Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) inhabits the Yangtze River in China, and is the only living freshwater porpoise in the world. Members of this species are sleek and snoutless, with no fin on their dorsal ridge, the latter giving them their name. These aquatic creatures have adapted to the turbulent and often complex environment of the river, but they are still struggling; They are primarily threatened by overfishing, pollution, dam construction along the Yangtze and accidental entanglement in fishing nets and equipment. This reduces the population very quickly, so much that there are only between 1,000 and 1,500 viable cetaceans remaining currently. In order to combat the increasing annual decline, China has established finless porpoises as “first level protected species,” the highest level of protection the country offers.

Sumatran Elephant

The Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is one of three subspecies of Asian elephants, native to the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. They have a smaller build than an African elephant and sometimes possess a curved back. The unfortunate fact about their population in the wild is that it has declined by four fifths 80% in the past three elephant generations. This is due to the illegal poaching for their ivory and their body parts, which further compounds the threats faced by the Sumatran elephant. Also because of deforestation and logging, a large portion of the forest in which they live is too small to contain a significant population. Because of the fragmentation of their habitats, the elephants stray into agricultural areas in search of food, which worsens elephant and human contact. Due to these factors, there are an estimated 2,800 elephants residing on all of Sumatra. Collaborative initiatives pertaining to reforestation and involving both the government and communities would be the best course of action in preserving the Sumatran elephant.

Hawksbill Turtle

*Hawksbill Sea Turtle at Carey de Concha. USFWS/Southeast. CC0.*

The Hawksbill Turtle, or Eretmochelys imbricata, is mainly found in subtropical/tropical areas of the ocean. It is distinguished by its flatter body shape and beakish sharp mouth. Hawksbill turtles play a huge role in maintaining the health of coral reef systems by controlling sponge populations. Like many iconic creatures, hunting represents the biggest encroachment on the reptile's livelihood, with poachers targeting the turtles for their eggs, skin and shells. Their beautifully patterned shells fetch an unfortunately high price on theblack market. In the last 30 years, turtle populations have declined by 80% because of other causes like climate change, plastic pollution, rising sea levels, and accidental capture in fishing gear. Because of these significant factors, there are possibly only 57,000 Hawksbill turtles left.

So how can we help? People can support conservation organizations by volunteering their time to the protection of endangered species. Your involvement or donations can help fund critical conservation projects. People can practice responsible tourism, choosing eco-friendly and ethical wildlife tourism options that do not harm natural habitats. Thirdly, you can advocate for and support initiatives that intend to restore habitats for endangered species, such as reforestation efforts and marine-protected areas. Finally, we can work to make pollution less of a concern by recycling and supporting clean energy to mitigate climate change.

TO GET INVOLVED

Find out more about the World Wildlife Fund, which works to eliminate the worst effects on animals remaining in the world and protect diverse species.

Discover SeeTurtleOrg’s mission, which includes volunteering trips and organizations that dedicate their resources to saving marine life, specifically sea turtles.

Find out about the Defenders of Wildlife, which works to prevent animals and their habitats from becoming vulnerable or imperiled, as well as aims to protect the health of susceptible species.

Riley Baker is a first-year student at James Madison University majoring in Writing, Rhetoric, and Technical Communication. She enjoys elements of storytelling and creative writing and likes listening to music. In addition, she is interested in journalistic-style writing and editing and intends to focus on writing articles about lesser-known travel locations and impactful world topics.

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5 Adventures in Borneo

January 2, 2024

Borneo, the third-largest island in the world, boasts an enriching culture and a variety of adventurous nature excursions.

Bohey Dulang—Borneo. JohnJoDeery. CC by 2.0.

Borneo, an island located in the southwestern portion of the Pacific Ocean, is the third-largest island in the world, and the only one that is shared by three countries—Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei. The Malaysian part of the island consists of the two states Sabah and Sarawak, with Indonesia holding sway over five provinces in what its citizens Kalimantan and Brunei possessing the smallest section of land named after the country itself. As a part of the Greater Sunda Islands group, Borneo is bordered by two other islands, Sulawesi to the east and Sumatra to the west. The island of Borneo has approximately 292,000 square miles of territory in total, and harbors a significant population of 21.26 million people. Even divided, Borneo is an intriguing and obscure place that most travelers are not aware of; its hot and humid climate makes for an ideal tropical destination. From the soaring heights of Mount Kinabalu to the mysterious depths of the Mulu Caves, the island provides many opportunities for adventurers.

Map of Borneo. Peter Fitzgerald. CC by 2.0.

Sea Diving in Sipadan Island

Sipadan Island, located in the Celebes Sea and situated off the northeastern coast of Borneo, is renowned as one of the world's premier dive destinations, known especially for its marine biodiversity and pristine coral reefs. Diving in the waters surrounding Sipadan offers a scenic experience, where the coral gardens provide a backdrop to an incredible array of marine life. Schools of barracuda, jackfish and sea turtles are all present in these waters, so they’re easy to spot. The island's underwater landscape, featuring dramatic drop-offs and caverns, adds an element of excitement to the exploration. With its protected status as a national park under Sabah Parks, its limited dive permits and its no-fishing policy, Sipadan ensures a sustainable underwater environment, allowing divers to witness the beauty of the ocean.

Exploring the Ancient Mulu Caves

Exploring the Mulu Caves in Borneo involves a journey into the depths of one of the world's most fascinating landscapes. Situated in Gunung Mulu National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Mulu Caves system is a network of limestone caverns, tunnels and chambers, shaped over millions of years. The expansive caves are full of stalactites and stalagmites, creating an otherworldly environment that transports visitors into a space of natural wonder. The Deer Cave, one of the largest subterranean passages globally, impresses with its vast chambers. Adventure-seekers can also participate in guided tours, which include crossing rope bridges and navigating through passages, providing a sense of exhilaration.

The World's Largest Floating Village in Brunei

Kampong Ayer, often referred to as the "The World’s Largest Floating Village," is a water town situated in the heart of Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei. This settlement is one of the largest global stilted communities, consisting of intricately connected houses, schools, mosques and markets that rise above the Brunei River on wooden supports. The village has a history dating back centuries, with traditional wooden architecture and a lifestyle deeply rooted in the water. Approximately 13,000 people still reside in their traditional houses, and instead of using roads or cars as methods of transportation, water taxis take residents from one place to another. The water village showcases a unique way of life that one doesn’t see often, and it has endured for generations in Brunei.

Outdoor Adventures in Kalimantan

Batang Kawah River, West Kalimantan. DN.Zrr. CC by-NC-SA 2.0.

Kalimantan, the Indonesian portion of Borneo, is a treasure trove for outdoor enthusiasts seeking thrilling adventures and nature. The region is renowned for its dense rainforests, winding rivers and diverse wildlife, creating the opportunity for a variety of outdoor activities. Adventure seekers can embark on multi-day treks through the rainforests, seeing tropical flora and fauna and perhaps even getting the chance to discover orangutans. The rivers of Kalimantan offer opportunities for exciting activities such as white-water rafting, with rapids making the excursion more fun. For those seeking a more serene activity, cruising along the territory's scenic rivers on wooden boats provides a tranquil way to take in the breathtaking surroundings.

Hiking at Mount Kinabalu

Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Paul Williams. CC by-NC 2.0.

Hiking Mount Kinabalu is an experience that beckons adventurers to the landscapes of Borneo. It is a challenging hike and rigorous pace, and usually can last around two days. As Southeast Asia's highest peak, standing proudly at 4,095 meters (13,435 feet), Mount Kinabalu dominates the Malaysian state of Sabah. The ideal time period for completing this excursion is between March and April. The ascent begins in the foothills and takes hikers through the ecosystems, from rainforests to meadows. There are even different routes you can choose to partake in, including the Ranau and Kota Belud Trails. The journey reveals panoramic views and a variety of flora and fauna—including 5,000 types of plants, 326 different birds and over 100 mammal species all on this single mountain. Mount Kinabalu, because of its partially difficult trek, is a physical accomplishment that leaves a lasting impact, making it a must-see in Southeast Asia.

Riley Baker is a first-year student at James Madison University majoring in Writing, Rhetoric, and Technical Communication. She enjoys elements of storytelling and creative writing and likes listening to music. In addition, she is interested in journalistic-style writing and editing, and intends to focus on writing articles about lesser known travel locations and impactful world topics.

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