Sandboarding: The Art of Surfing Sand Around the World

Requiring nothing but a board and steady nerves, sandboarding has become a popular new solo-extreme sport. Small and large competitions occur all over the world as the sport gains popularity.

A man sandboarding in Egypt. Surfing The Nations. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.

Sandboarding has gained popularity as an extreme solo sport, with competitions held at dunes around the world.  The sport is perfect for adventurous athletes and travelers interested in seeing new places and seeking adrenaline-fueled fun, as it can be done anywhere with expansive sand dunes and the right equipment.

The sport itself is logistically simple: riders climb to the top of a sand dune and get on their board. Then, by jumping closer to the downward slope of the dune, pivoting to have their front foot ahead of them and leaning forward, the board will start to move and pick up speed as it makes its way down the slope—similar to snowboarding. Professionals will throw tricks like jumps and spins which have flooded YouTube over the years, and sandboarding courses have even installed bars and pipes for riders to test out, just like a skateboarder or snowboarder would find at parks or slopes.

Surfer Today describes sandboarding as “a blend between surfing, skateboarding and snowboarding.” Typically, sand boards are almost identical to snowboards, yet they tend to be lighter and either include no foot holdings or two straps for each of the rider’s feet with a latch that locks you to the board. No uniform is required unless you are competing professionally, and even then, experts and riders wear casual uniforms during competitions.

Pro-sandboarder Josh Tenge at Sand Master Park. OCVA. CC BY-ND 2.0.

Sandboarding is also an accessible sport that can be done on a range of levels from beginner to expert. At the beginner and intermediate levels, the extreme sport becomes more of a daring passtime. Perfect for summer conditions due to the dryness of the sand, recreational sandboarding is done all around the United States and in other parts of the globe. In the United States, perfect sandboarding conditions can be found in places like Utah’s Coral Pink Sand Dunes Park, Sand Master Park in Oregon, Monahans Sandhills State Park in Texas and the Kelso Dunes in California. There are more great national parks and dunes spread across the United States that perfectly cater to sandboarding conditions, and finding a location nearest to you can be easily done with a simple search on the internet; lists on the best locations to sandboard are scattered across the web because of how popular the activity is.

Additionally, there are amazing places to sandboard across the globe that are perfect for a day trip to some of the world’s most famous dunes and deserts. South America is immensely popular for sandboarding—the World Cup is typically hosted here because of the massive dunes and numerous locations to be found in the continent. Some examples can be found in Peru, at both Cerro Blanco and Huacachina, while other South American spots ideal for the sport are located in Concon, Chile. Towards the Middle East and Africa, other famous deserts and dunes that are great for sandboarding include the Great Sand Sea in Egypt, the Namib Desert in South Africa and the Moroccan Sahara, known for its vast expanse of sandy hills.

The Great Sand Sea in Egypt. Virtualwayfarer. CC BY-NC 2.0. 

Most parks do not make visitors pay to use the sand dunes, but occasionally visitors will have to pay an entrance fee—especially if the dunes they wish to ride are located in a national park. If participants wish to take lessons, the prices of those are somewhere between $50 for an individual lesson and $160 for a group lesson with six people that lasts for a few hours at the Sand Master Park in Oregon and may fluctuate depending on where in the world you are trying to board. Rentals are also available at certain locations, like Sand Master Park, and boards costing around $10 to rent for 24 hours. Additional costs can be applied if users wish to rent helmets and other protective gear. 

Many people find that the sport just takes practice. The beauty of sandboarding is that it is less risky to try as a beginner because the conditions are better for falling off your board or slipping on your way down the dunes when compared to icy conditions of snowboarding or the hard concrete used for skateboarding.

It is also worth noting that some places require participants to provide their own board; not all locations will have a shop where those looking to sandboard can rent the equipment. Boards for sale online range from anywhere between $150-400, but it depends on brand and size. Cheaper boards can be found on sites like Amazon for anywhere between $40 to $80 if people are not looking to invest in the sport too heavily.

Some slopes even end with a splash in a pond or lake; riders will descend dunes to find a ramp at the bottom which launches them into refreshing, cool water. This is exemplified in Huacachina, Peru, where the dunes feed right into a pond at the center of the village. Huacachina is also listed commonly as one of the best places to sandboard in the world and was the host of the Sandboarding World Cup in 2019.

Dune that feeds to water at Huacachina. Flexbox. CC BY 2.0. 

More advanced riders who wish to compete at higher levels have a multitude of competitions to choose from around the globe. Alongside the Sandboarding World Cup, which changes locations frequently, other competitive events include Sand Spirit in Germany, the Pan-American Sandboarding Challenge in Brazil, the Sand Master Jam in Oregon and the Sand Sports Super Show in California. Participants compete for titles and merchandise, all fighting to become champions in this extreme sport.

Sandboarding is a great activity to get adrenaline pumping, explore new areas of the world, and to remain active during travel. . For those looking to ride the craziest, most intense dunes in the world, Peru, Egypt, Japan and a plethora of other locations provide not only a fulfilling trip but host the correct conditions for riding. Perfect for both adventure and travel, the sport encourages riders to seek the most daunting dunes in the world and conquer them.

Ava Mamary

Ava is an undergraduate student at the University of Illinois, double majoring in English and Communications. At school, she Web Writes about music for a student-run radio station. She is also an avid backpacker, which is where her passion for travel and the outdoors comes from. She is very passionate about social justice issues, specifically those involving women’s rights, and is excited to write content about social action across the globe.

Before the Sex Pistols, There Was Peruvian Punk Rock

Western punk groups have taken credit for starting the punk movement, but a small group in 1960s Peru would say otherwise. 

Peruvian punk band Los Saicos. TravelingMan. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Punk music has been used for decades as a means to express discontent about numerous topics, including politics and controversial events. But where does the genre come from? While it is easy to claim Western influences, like the Sex Pistols and The Clash to be the forefathers of the punk scene, the Peruvian rock band Los Saicos, formed in 1964, is a strong contender for the position of “Originators of Punk.”

In order to make comparisons between Los Saicos and Western punk bands, a definition of punk music is in order. Punk music consists of fast beats and often aggressive lyrics that seek to critique certain ideas or systems of power. A recent academic article discusses how the lyrics to the Sex Pistol’s “Anarchy in the U.K.” were a critique of the U.K.’s foreign policy in Ireland, a period known as The Troubles. The Los Saicos song “Demolición” lacks a specific reference to Peruvian politics at the time, but clearly expresses discontent with government infrastructure. 

The members of Los Saicos were likely influenced by the political turmoil within Peru during their upbringing. Guitarist and vocalist Erwin Flores and drummer Francisco Guevara had just graduated high school and were grappling with unprecedented political strife, drastically affecting how they prosper as adults. The group was established in 1964, with “Demolición” being one of the country’s biggest songs that year. Amidst massive inflation under President Fernando Terry’s land redistribution policy, economic hardship increased for Peruvians. The lyrics are representative of a future that was promised to them with Terry’s liberal redistribution policies, but one that ultimately drowned with the Peruvian sol’s value. ‘Demolición’ expresses hatred at the government for promising a future and delivering inflation. 

Los Saicos broke up in 1966, but its influence was picked up by garage rockers throughout Peru and abroad in the U.K. The punk genre’s grungy and generally angsty music did not necessarily originate from the members of Los Saicos, but they were critical in the genre’s explosion in popularity, especially in areas where there was a discontent with state functions. 

“Nobody invented the wheel, we were obviously building off of what others have done,” said Flores in an interview. 

The band’s desire to express themselves within a country in turmoil ranges across languages and generations, effectively changing how the music scene functioned as ‘angry’ music started becoming mainstream and profitable.  

Clayton Young

Clayton is an aspiring photojournalist with a Bachelor's in Liberal Studies with a minor in History from Indiana University - Bloomington. In his free time, he enjoys hikes, movies, and catching up on the news. He has written extensively on many topics including Japanese incarceration in America during World War II, the history of violence, and anarchist theory.

The Surprising Popularity of Rock Climbing in Slovenia

Slovenia, a Central European country, holds a lesser-known secret: its rock climbing. Not only does Slovenia have many beautiful natural climbing sites, but it also has world-renowned rock gyms and some of the most acclaimed rock climbers in the world. 

People climbing Mount Triglav in Slovenia. Derbeth. CC BY 2.0.

Formerly part of Yugoslavia, Slovenia can often be reduced down to its political turmoil. However, this Slavic country is incredibly mountainous and hilly, providing the perfect terrain for rock climbers of all skill levels. Slovenia has produced numerous renowned climbers and built a culture around the sport. 

The most well-known Slovenian rock climber would have to be Janja Garnbret, who became the first woman to win gold in sport climbing at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics—the first year that sport climbing was featured at the Olympic games at all. While many people may find rock climbing intriguing and even do it in their free time, it wasn’t well known as a competitive sport until it became an Olympic event. However, competitive rock climbing has a large community, and a major facet of that community is in Slovenia, Garnbret’s home country. For example, Garnbret also placed first in the International Federation of Sport Climbing World Cup in September of 2021, which happened to be hosted in Kranj, Slovenia.

Garnbret follows in the footsteps of years of successful Slovenian women climbers, such as Martina Cufar, who made it on the podium at sixteen different world cup events between 1997 and 2002. Slovenia’s climbing history—specifically when it comes to women—goes back to the early 20th century with Pavla Jesih and Dana Kuraltova, two Slovenian women who climbed the famous Mount Triglav in 1925. 

Slovenia’s rock climbing success isn’t by chance. An obvious source of the country’s enthusiasm for the sport is its spectacular mountains such as Mount Triglav. But the success of the Slovenian National Team today can also be attributed to how small the country is and thus how close knit the coaches and the team members are able to be. For example,  Slovenian National Team coach Luke Fonda owns Plus Climbing gym in Koper, Slovenia, a gym which the team often practices at. 

Climber in Koper, Slovenia. David Glanzer. CC BY 2.0.

In addition to Plus Climbing, rock gyms are plentiful in Slovenia, especially when compared to the country’s size. Some of the most famous gyms are First Ascent in Kranj and The Climbing Ranch in Vrbnje, which serious, competitive climbers from around the world strive to visit. In terms of Slovenia’s natural climbing sites, the country boasts stunning mountains such as Mount Triglav, Mount Viševnik and Mount Prisojnik. The mountains in Slovenia range from beginner to advanced level climbing, with Mount Triglav and Mount Viševnik being doable hikes for most travelers. Mount Prisojnik is known to have a range of trails and climbs—some good for beginners, and others that will be engaging for experienced climbers. Ultimately, Slovenia is a great option for an off-the-beaten-path visit in general, but is especially perfect for those interested in rock climbing, given its rich history and multitude of climbing sites.

Calliana Leff

Calliana is currently an undergraduate student at Boston University majoring in English and minoring in psychology. She is passionate about sustainability and traveling in an ethical and respectful way. She hopes to continue her writing career and see more of the world after she graduates. 

5 Captivating Silk Road Sites to Visit in Central Asia

Stretching from China and the Far East to Europe and the Middle East, the Silk Road was once the world’s most important trade route.

The Mir-i-Arab Madrassa in Bukhara, Uzbekistan, showcases the Islamic architecture so prevalent along the Silk Road. Marco Verch. CC BY 2.0

It opened in 130 B.C. and remained in use for the next 1,500 years, leading to the rise of countless cities along its path. Though their significance has faded, the grandeur of Central Asia’s Silk Road cities continues to amaze all who visit.

1. Samarkand

A view of the Registan and its three madrassas in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. K3nna. CC BY 2.0

Undoubtedly the highlight of Uzbekistan, Samarkand was once one of the world’s premier cities. After his visit in 1333, the explorer Ibn Battuta called Samarkand “one of the greatest and finest of cities, and most perfect of them in beauty.” The city’s elegance is still revealed in the Registan, a courtyard surrounded by three marvelously beautiful madrassas, or Islamic schools. The distinctive tile work that covers the area’s buildings remains of the best examples of Islamic architecture in the world. Samarkand is also home to the Bibi-Khanym Mosque, once one of the largest in the Islamic world. Much of the mosque was destroyed by an earthquake in 1897, but glimpses of its original splendor still transport visitors back to its glory days in the 15th century.

2. Merv

The Great Kyz Kala, known as the “Maiden’s Castle,” is one of many crumbling fortresses in Merv. Gai Jorayev. CC BY-SA 4.0

Located in the far-off reaches of Turkmenistan, Merv’s broad religious and commercial influence once made it the third-largest city in the world. The Mongols ransacked Merv in 1221, and the city never recovered. Its extensive ruins remain, though, and amaze all who reach them. Fortresses, medieval walls, mausoleums and mosques have been uncovered, some dating back to 2500 B.C. Many of Merv’s ruins have not yet been preserved, so a visit here is a unique opportunity to see ancient history as it originally stood. One word of caution: gaining a tourist visa for Turkmenistan is notoriously difficult, so plan far ahead if arranging a trip.

3. Bukhara

The Kalyan Minaret stands above Bukhara’s Po-i-Kalyan complex in the center of town. Travelmag.com. CC BY 2.0

Holding much of Samarkand’s grandeur with far fewer crowds, Bukhara is one of Uzbekistan’s most compelling cities. Its prosperity as a Silk Road trading site led to the establishment of Bukhara as one of the intellectual and artistic hubs of Islamic civilization. The city’s prominent stature led to incredible sites such as the Po-i-Kalyan complex, Bukhara’s stunning town center. Po-i-Kalyan is home to an intricately designed mosque with 288 domes and 208 pillars, a still-in-use madrassa, and a minaret (Islamic tower) so impressive that Genghis Khan left it standing during his invasion of the city. Other must-visit spots include the Ark of Bukhara, an ancient fortress which offers stunning views of the city, and a bazaar where trading occurs much as it has for centuries.

4. Tash Rabat

Though it looks small from the outside, Tash Rabat is filled with a maze of rooms once used by Silk Road traders. Allan Grey. CC BY-SA 2.0

Situated almost 10,500 feet above sea level in Kyrgyzstan’s Tian Shan Mountains, Tash Rabat offered respite to weary Silk Road travelers along a challenging part of their journey. This still out-of-the way spot operated as a caravanserai, or roadside inn, throughout the 15th century. Though many caravanserais can be found along the Silk Road’s path, Tash Rabat stands out due to its stunning mountainous location and its labyrinthine layout. Archaeologists believe that Tash Rabat was originally a 10th-century Christian monastery, explaining its dark and imposing maze of rooms. Visitors often find the site to be mysterious and endlessly fascinating, and often combine it with horseback riding tours and yurt stays in the dramatic Kyrgyz countryside.

5. Khiva

Kalta Minor Minaret’s blue tiles strongly contrast with the sandstone buildings around it. Dan Lundberg. CC BY-SA 2.0

The final of Uzbekistan’s trio of Silk Road cities is Khiva, home to a narrow maze of historic treasures stretching back to the fifth century. One such spot is the Tash-Khauli Palace, an exquisitely designed structure with over 150 mesmerizing rooms and courtyards. Continued exploration leads travelers to Juma Mosque, held up by 200 uniquely designed wooden pillars. Khiva claims two minarets, the climbable Islam Khodja Minaret and the Kalta Minor Minaret, which is bathed in beautiful blue tiling. The best view in town, though, comes at the Kuhna Ark Watchtower, where the city’s sandstone walls brilliantly reflect light rays at sunset.

Stephen Kenney

Stephen is a Journalism and Political Science double major at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He enjoys sharing his passion for geography with others by writing compelling stories from across the globe. In his free time, Stephen enjoys reading, long-distance running and rooting for the Tar Heels.

Turning Menaces Into Meals: 5 Invasive Species You Can Eat

Invasive species threaten naturally occurring ecosystems. However, locals and travelers are now being encouraged to eat these organisms, a practice allowing for sustainable eating and providing opportunities for adventurous dining.

A King Lionfish. Niklas FliNdt. CC BY-SA 2.0.

By definition, invasive species are organisms that cause harm to environments they don’t originate from. When a new species is introduced to a naturally occurring ecosystem, they disrupt the balance of the environment and harm the pre-existing organisms in the area. Across the globe, invasive species wreak havoc on struggling ecosystems, but many people have found a possible solution to this environmental issue. In turning their most invasive organisms into food that locals and travelers can eat, countries around the world are creating opportunities for sustainable and adventurous eating, eliminating massive environmental threats along the way. 

Eating sustainably is the practice of consuming food and drink that are good for both the consumer and the environment. In eating invasive species, locals and travelers are playing a part in removing harmful organisms in the places they live or visit. To become a sustainable and adventurous traveler, try eating any of these five invasive species on your next trip.

1. Kelp - Alaska

Barnacle Foods pickled kelp. Josefine S. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Invasive species aren’t just animals, they’re plants too. And kelp is one of the most invasive plants in the world; the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) lists kelp among the top 100 worst invasive species around the globe. It originated in Japan and China but has since traveled through the waters of the Pacific where it now creates major problems for Alaskan marine life. However, a company called Barnacle Foods has created a way to harvest and consume this terrorizing plant: by pickling it.

Stationed in Southeast Alaska, Barnacle Foods is dedicated to harvesting kelp from the water and pickling it.. Set on remaining in Alaska, travelers can only visit their location by boat or plane, but Barnacle Food has made their product available online as well. In turning this invasive species into a beloved snack and by providing multiple recipes on their website for the pickled kelp’s usage, this food has become a great way to eat sustainably for the benefit of Alaskan marine life. It has also become a media sensation, the company gaining over 24,000 followers on Instagram and having been featured by magazines like the Specialty Food Association.

2. Wild Boar - Spain

Wild boar shank. Pabo76. CC By-NC-ND 2.0.

Although wild boar are found commonly across Europe and the United States and have been flagged as invasive in both continents, they are a true pestilence in Spain. Spanish cities have declared war on these animals, which breed rapidly, disrupt traffic in cities and have become local hunter’s number one target. Additionally, wild boar love to dig up black truffles, and as a leader in black truffle trade, Spain is looking for any way to rid themselves of the species.

Wild boar is said to taste like a cross between beef and pork. In Spain, it is most popularly prepared by the shank or as a stew and typically slow cooked like pork to give the meat a tender, juicy flavor. A great meal for hungry travelers, wild boar is also a great way to eat sustainably on the road and help Spain fight against the pigs that have disrupted their trade and cities.

3. Lionfish - The Mediterranean 

Lionfish ceviche served with bread. Leo Roza. CC BY 2.0.

Lionfish have completely overtaken the natural ecosystems in the Mediterranean Sea, but the countries that surround the affected water have started preparing and serving the fish in a multitude of ways. Although poisonous when alive, the lionfish becomes edible when killed, and the Mediterranean region has integrated the species into its culture of fresh, vibrant cuisine. 

Becoming a staple in many countries around the Mediterranean Sea, lionfish can be prepared just like all other fish; you can fry it, bake it, pan sear it and even serve it raw. The most popular way travelers will find it served in the Mediterranean is as ceviche. Described as extremely buttery and tender, Lionfish are a menace in the ocean but a treat on the plate of any traveler.

This fish can be found at most restaurants near the Mediterranean Sea. ILionfish is served in the south of France, Italy, Greece, Tunisia, Libya and Spain. 

4. Brown Hare - Ireland

Jugged Hare. Kent Wang. CC BY-SA 2.0.

Introduced to Ireland in the mid-1800s, the brown hare, also known as the European hare, has threatened the Irish hare population for decades now. The overpopulation of the brown hare is stealing resources away from Irish hare and herbivores in the country, posing a threat to the ecological integrity of the land. Hunters are allowed to take down hares during the winter months, starting in September and ending in February, and the brown hare has become a major target.

Celtic myth considered it unlawful to eat hares, but modern times have called for different measures. The Irish Examiner says it's time for rabbit to become a part of more Irish menus due to the overpopulation and invasion of the species. Luckily, a dish that originated in France has become more widespread as the brown hare has infiltrated different parts of the globe. Civet of Hare, also known as jugged hare, has become a popular dish in Ireland and the UK—where the hare is also an invasive species in many parts. The dish is made by stewing the entire brown hare in a jug or container with a variety of vegetables and red wine, making the meat so tender it falls right off the bone. This is the perfect dish to warm you up during travel to Ireland, which is notorious for their abundant rainfall and moist climate.

5. Japanese Knotweed - Everywhere but Antarctica

Knotweed ready to be cooked. K_Hargrav. CC BY 2.0.

Last on the list but certainly not least, Japanese knotweed is an invasive plant that is quite literally everywhere on the map. It is said to be found in every part of the globe except Antarctica. Growing at unbelievable rates and heights, it makes it difficult for animals in surrounding areas to walk through its dense brush and feed on other plants. It also blocks sunlight for plants lower to the ground, subsequently killing them. 

However, knotweed is edible and an extremely versatile ingredient. The most popular way knotweed is eaten is when it is sauteed like spinach or other leafy greens. It can also be pickled, like kelp, or grilled and roasted in the same way asparagus would be. Bon Appitite published an article on how chefs from all over are using Japanese knotweed as an ingredient in new recipes and where travelers can try them.

Ava Mamary

Ava is an undergraduate student at the University of Illinois, double majoring in English and Communications. At school, she Web Writes about music for a student-run radio station. She is also an avid backpacker, which is where her passion for travel and the outdoors comes from. She is very passionate about social justice issues, specifically those involving women’s rights, and is excited to write content about social action across the globe. 

In the Czech Countryside, a City Eaten Alive by Its Own Beauty

Since the fall of communism, Český Krumlov has transformed from relic to hotspot—but has it lost its authentic appeal along the way?

The Czech capital of Prague is known the world over for its storybook beauty, manifesting most dramatically in the towering gothic facade of the St. Vitus Cathedral and the sprawling tableau of red rooftops visible from atop Petřín Hill. Yet just over 100 miles away is another sparkling jewel in the Czech Republic’s crown: Český Krumlov, a city of only 13,000 residents whose 13th-century castle and picturesque riverbanks have brought it not only recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage site but also an increasing influx of tourists that now threatens its very identity. 

Former Czechoslovakia’s communist regime, which lasted from 1948 to 1989 before it was ushered out by the Velvet Revolution, left much of Český Krumlov in disrepair. Yet the city’s neglected state lent it a sense of mystery and charm. In the years since, Krumlov—much like the country’s capital, Prague—has been transformed into a tourist wonderland, with historic buildings being renovated and revitalized and ensuing increases in tourist income bolstering the city’s economy.

City streets. Hindol Bhattacharya. CC BY-SA 2.0

As the city has changed, so have the demographics of its visitors. In an interview with Radio Praha, Krumlov’s mayor, Dalibor Carda, explained that an initial boom of Austrian and German tourists after 1989 gave way to an influx of Americans, many of whom settled in the city indefinitely. Today, for locals—whether native-born or transplants—the off-season is a thing of the past, with tour groups flooding the city on a year-round basis. “[I]f you want to have a pristine Krumlov,” writes Jan Velinger in a piece for Radio Praha, “you have to get up very early to ever have its romantic streets, or overlooking castle, ramparts to yourself.” Fed up with the unrelenting crowds, locals have largely migrated to the outskirts of the city, resulting in an exodus of local businesses: Bakeries, hardware stores, and family-owned shops are now difficult to find, having been replaced with bars, restaurants, and hostels catering to short-term visitors.

One of Český Krumlov’s bars, popular among tourists. kellerabteil. CC BY-NC 2.0

In some respects, Český Krumlov has moved to mitigate the encroaching tendrils of tourism, notes reporter Chris Johnstone, pointing to a ban on advertising and the exclusion of cars and buses from the city center. Moreover, just this June, the city established a tariff on buses in an effort to regulate the influx—up to 20,000—arriving each year. The plan is the first of its kind in the Czech Republic, although Salzburg and other Austrian cities have imposed similar measures. Now, all buses rolling into Krumlov must book in advance, navigate to one of two designated stops, and pay the toll of CZK 625, approximately $28.

Tourism has inspired not only legislative changes, but also works of art—as in the case of “UNES-CO,” a 2018 project by renowned conceptual artist Kateřina Šedá. Responding to the profound impact of visitors on the distribution of local populations, Šedá conceived of a work that involved relocating a group of individuals and families to the heart of Český Krumlov for three months at the height of the tourist season. The participants were provided with starter apartments and jobs “on the basis of what Krumlov most needs,” which Šedá deemed to be “the pursuit of normal life.” The title played on the city’s status as a UNESCO World Heritage site and on the Czech words “unést” and “co,” meaning “take away” and “what,” as in “What do visitors get out of this place?” Šedá, whose work often involves social themes and who is famed for relocating an entire Czech village to London’s Tate Modern in 2011, stressed that the project was not intended to be a show for tourists, but rather a social experiment.

Houses along the banks of the Vltava River. P. N. CC BY-SA 2.0

On the opposite side of the artistic spectrum, Huawei—the Chinese electronics behemoth currently facing scrutiny from the U.S. for potential security issues—announced in January that it would build an exact facsimile of Český Krumlov at its headquarters. The Huawei campus, which lies just outside of Shenzhen in the city of Dongguan, will also count Granada, Verona, Paris, Budapest, and Bruges among its plethora of reconstructed European cities. “I heard about it when they started preparing it,” commented Cardo. “The fact that they [are] building it without at least contacting the city does not sit well with me.”

The Krumlov replica may well draw more Chinese tourists, who already represent the largest segment of visitors to the historic city. Yet for embittered locals, the mini-city could be a grimly apt representation of what their home has become: a mere palimpsest of its original iteration, and a cautionary tale depicting how capitalism and tourism can spur unwelcome transformation.

Talya Phelps

Talya hails from the wilds of upstate New York, but dreams of exploring the globe. As former editor-in-chief at the student newspaper of her alma mater, Vassar College, and the daughter of a journalist, she hopes to follow her passion for writing and editing for many years to come. Contact her if you're looking for a spirited debate on the merits of the em dash vs. the hyphen.

Indian Cuisine Is More Than Just Curry

From the steamed seafood dishes of coastal Odisha to the smoky meat skewers of the northern Punjab region, Indian cuisine has an incredible range to offer. 

Indian cuisine.CC0.

Despite the popularity of dishes like butter chicken and naan in westernized Indian restaurants, the rich history of the Indian subcontinent actually has a surprisingly diverse cuisine that ranges far beyond the bright red curries and steaming roti that often comes to mind. Thanks to the diverse geography across the country, each region has its own go-to meats, vegetables, grains and most importantly, spices. 

Indian cuisine has also been hugely impacted by its colonial history, and not just the British one that we are familiar with; the Portuguese and French also set up colonies across the southern and western parts of the country—both of which influenced the cooking styles of those regions. This, in addition to flavors from neighboring Persia, China and a variety of religious influences, have transformed Indian cuisine into a hugely popular cuisine not just across Asia, but in the western world as well. 

Setting the south Indian plate. Rajesh Pamnani. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. 

The coastal state of Kerala lies on the southwestern tip of India and is most well known for its unique geography and natural beauty. This makes it an ideal travel destination for people interested in Ayurvedic healing, a centuries old natural medical technique that relies on a number of herbal remedies. Ayurvedic cooking is based on trying to re-balance the patient’s internal constitution using the six rasas or flavor profiles: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, pungent and astringent. The local food and culture are both heavily influenced by the region’s 200 years as a colony under the rule of Arab settlers, the Portuguese and finally the Dutch, which added to the large Christian population in the area.

Keralan cuisine is known for its generously seasoned seafood dishes, as well as its use of tapioca, banana leaves and most famously, coconuts. The long monsoon season in this region of the country is conducive to paddy farming, making rice and rice-flour based dishes like idli and appam, different types of rice cakes and common dietary staples. Because of its coastal location, Kerala received huge imports of spices from the Middle East, which to this day can be seen in the extensive use of cardamom, cinnamon, chili and black pepper in both seafood curries and vegetarian stews. A popular dish amongst Western travelers is vindaloo, which is the local south-western variation on a Portuguese dish known as carne de vinha d’alhos, a pork dish flavored with garlic, wine and vinegar.

Odishan pakhala platter. Lopanayak. CC BY-ND 2.0.

Formerly known as Orissa, the mountainous state of Odisha is home to more than 700 beautifully preserved Hindu temples, many of which are still in use by the state’s huge Brahman population to this day. The local food is heavily influenced by the many thriving tribal cultures as well as the religious restrictions of the social caste system, which survived despite the region being part of the Muslim Mughal empire and later the southern Marathas dynasty before coming under British rule in the early 1800s.

Because of the prominent role of religion in Odia life, most of the local cuisine is based on foods believed to be the favorites of Hindu gods so that they can be given as offerings. Most dishes are prepared with ghee, a form of clarified butter, instead of regular cooking oil, and unlike most other regional Indian cuisines, not a lot of chili is used either. The local climate is favorable for the growth of mustard leaves, which is a common flavoring agent in a number of popular curries and chutneys. Odia desserts are also very unique to the region given their heavy use of dairy products, especially paneer, a local preparation of cottage cheese. It can be deep fried with brown sugar to make jalebis and is a very popular snack because of the sugar syrup it soaks in.  Paneer can also be scrambled and soaked in milk, giving it a much softer and fluffier texture before adding various flavors to make a porridge-like dish called kheer. Most commonly, the raw paneer is shaped into cake-pop sized balls and boiled in sugar syrup to make gulab jamun and rasgullas.

Traditional Meghalayan meal. Jakub Kapnusak. CC BY 2.0.

The northeastern state of Meghalaya is one of the Seven Sister States tucked between Bangladesh and Bhutan, with nearby Myanmar not too far to the east. It is located entirely on a mountain plateau and is often subject to heavy precipitation, which gives it a unique range of local vegetation. Tribal cultures are still very prominent, many of which are reminiscent of more East Asian groups due to the region’s proximity to China, which also heavily influences the local cuisine.

The two most staple ingredients in Meghalaya cuisine are rice and pork, especially when prepared with the local spice mix known as purambhi masala. In fact, local tribes even brew their own rice liquor, a clear yellow liquid called kiad that tends to contain up to 70% alcohol and is believed to have healing and curative properties. Rice noodles and dumplings made with rice paper wrappers are also very popular in the area. In parts of the state with higher altitude, locals may substitute pork for yak meat instead, which is a local delicacy that also shows the heavy influence of nearby Bhutan. Many of the local vegetable dishes make use of fermented soybeans, bamboo shoots, tree tomatoes, banana flowers and sesame seeds for texture and flavor.

Punjabi food. What The Fox Studio. CC BY-NC 2.0.

Punjab is a state located in the northwestern part of India, right on the border with Pakistan. While Sikhs make up the majority of the local population, many are descendants of Greek and Aryan invaders who came into the country thousands of years ago. The state is also completely landlocked and receives most of its irrigation from the Sutlej and Beas rivers that flow through it. This, in addition to extremely hot and dry summers, makes the area very favorable for growing wheat, which earned the state the nickname of “India’s bread-basket”.

Besides garam masala, the local spice mix composed of cumin, nutmeg, cardamom and black pepper among other condiments, pickled vegetables are a local favorite to be eaten alongside the tandoori dishes unique to Punjab. The meter-tall clay tandoor ovens are often buried in the ground and house a small wood charcoal fire at their base. They are filled with meat skewers that have been soaked in yogurt based marinades while pre-rolled naan are stuck to the sides to bake. Aside from the dry tandoori meats, Punjabi cuisine also features a variety of sauce-heavy dishes, including murgh makhani which is famously known worldwide as butter chicken. Another local favorite is kulfi, the Punjabi take on ice cream made from churned milk and sugar, often flavored with fresh mango, especially during the hot summer months.

Tanaya Vohra

Tanaya is an undergraduate student pursuing a major in Public Health at the University of Chicago. She's lived in Asia, Europe and North America and wants to share her love of travel and exploring new cultures through her writing.

5 Cave Painting Sites that Paint a Picture of Prehistoric Life

Cave paintings provide valuable knowledge about the culture of prehistoric civilizations. These five cave painting sites contain some of the oldest and most fascinating prehistoric art from around the world.

Lascaux Cave paintings in France. Bayes Ahmed. CC BY 2.0.

From Argentina to Bulgaria, humans have been creating art since the dawn of civilization. This art is sometimes the only way to glean certain details about prehistoric culture in various parts of the world. Each of the following five sites provides a unique insight into culture, religion, social life and more, as early as the Stone Age, which spanned from about 2.5 million years ago to 5,000 years ago. 

1. Bhimbetka Rock Shelters - India

Paintings of animals at Bhimbetka Rock Shelters. Arian Zwegers. CC BY 2.0. 

The cave paintings at the Bhimbetka Rock Shelters in Madhya Pradesh, India,  date from the late stone age to early historic period. These paintings and carvings reflect many realities of prehistoric life, depicting animals, religious rituals, agricultural practices and social life. Many artifacts have also been found in the Bhimbetka Rock Shelters, such as stone tools likely used for agricultural purposes. Because of the significant facts about early Indian life that have been provided by this cave art, the Bhimbetka Rock Shelters have been declared a World Heritage Site.

2. La Cueva de Los Manos - Argentina

Handprint paintings. Ryan Somma. CC BY-SA 2.0.

La Cueva de Los Manos or “the cave of hands” is aptly named; this cave painting located in Santa Cruz, Argentina is mostly a collection of handprints, estimated to have been created between 9,500 and 13,000 years ago. The handprints are believed to have been made from mineral pigments by early hunter-gatherer tribes. The meaning of the hands is unknown, but some have theorized they represent an initiation of teen boys into adulthood, due to the size of the hands. In addition to the hands, the cave also contains paintings of animals such as llamas, birds and pumas. 

3. The Magura Cave - Bulgaria

Paintings at Magura Cave. Klearchos Kapoutsis. CC BY 2.0. 

The Magura Cave in Belogradchik, Bulgaria contains an extensive number of paintings made of bat droppings between 4000-8000 years ago. There are approximately 700 paintings in the cave. The paintings depict anything from people dancing and hunting to religious rituals. The cultural significance of the themes painted, as well as the sheer number of paintings, makes the Magura Cave a significant cultural monument. 

4. Lascaux Cave Paintings - France

Painting of an animal in Lascaux Cave. Christine. McIntosh. CC BY-ND 2.0. 

The paintings of the Lascaux Cave in Dordogne, France are estimated to be 15,000-17,000 years old, stumbled upon by a group of teenage boys in 1940. Interestingly, among the approximately 600 paintings and 1,500 engravings, there is only one image of a human, making this site differ significantly from the others mentioned, which all depict daily human life in some way. In fact, the human form painted has the head of a bird. Other than this, most of the paintings are of various animals, both real and imaginary. What would be known as a modern day unicorn is even depicted. The Lascaux Cave tells us more about the imagination and storytelling practices of the people of prehistoric France than it does their concrete, daily practices.

5. Laas Geel - Somalia

Cow at Laas Geel. Najeeb. CC BY- SA 2.0. 

Laas Geel, in Hargeisa, Somalia, is a collection of rock paintings discovered in 2002. Laas Geel depicts cows, painted with a vibrant red pigment. What is interesting about these cows is that they appear to have some type of ceremonial necklace or hanging around their necks. Many of the cows also appear to be wearing crowns or have some sort of halo-like object around their heads. The cows are often depicted next to humans and dogs. These depictions indicate that cows played some sort of ceremonial role, bringing up important questions about early religion and culture in Somalia. 

Calliana Leff

Calliana is currently an undergraduate student at Boston University majoring in English and minoring in psychology. She is passionate about sustainability and traveling in an ethical and respectful way. She hopes to continue her writing career and see more of the world after she graduates. 

6 Things to Know About Kilimanjaro From a Past Climber

Tanzania is home to the tallest mountain in Africa, Mount Kilimanjaro. However, here are six things everyone should know before deciding if they are ready to brave the mountain. 

Mount Kilimanjaro. Gary Craig. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.

Mount Kilimanjaro was created by three volcanic cones called Kibo, Shira, and Mawenzi about 2.5 million years ago. Standing at 19,341 feet, it is home to almost every ecological system: cultivation, forest, heather-moorland, alpine desert, and arctic summit zones. Climbers pass through each of these ecosystems in stages based on elevation. What many may not realize is that Kilimanjaro is dormant, not dead. This means the dormant Kibo cone could erupt again.

I made the climb in January. I will be extremely honest; it was quite miserable at times. It is simply impossible to put into words what hiking a mountain like that will do to you. From the daily struggles of altitude sickness and the feeling of breathing almost nonexistent air, to being the most exhausted you have ever been in your life, dehydrated, starving but unable to keep food down, to having to use the “bathroom” behind a rock right on the side of the trail. I even saw someone lose their life from cardiac arrest. Though it is, thankfully, not a common occurrence, it was rough.

With that said, the struggles make the reward that much sweeter. When I reminisce on my experience, I remember the hard times, but the beautiful moments I was fortunate enough to be a part of are more prominent. The dance and guitar sessions the group would have on our breaks, the feeling of being in a place completely isolated from the world, climbing higher than the plane that got me there, finding a new strength in myself that otherwise would have remained unknown. Kilimanjaro is a monster mountain, but it was the best experience of my life.

 1. “Pole, Pole” are words to live by 

“Pole, pole” translates to “slowly,” and I cannot stress enough how important this simple phrase is. It doesn’t matter what your physical abilities are, if you do not take your time, you will be hurting. Taking at least five days (depending on your route), this hike is no joke. It’s important to put your pride aside and accept that you might not be the fastest person to get up the mountain, and that’s completely OK! This was something I quickly learned. On the first day, I tried keeping up with the front of my group and very quickly learned I simply wouldn’t make it all six days if I kept that up. No matter what your pace, a guide will always stay by your side, carry things for you if you are struggling, and motivate you to keep going. Guides want you to succeed just as much as you want to, so definitely listen to their advice. They’re lifesavers—literally!

2. You will create amazing connections with your guides and porters

Photo taken by John Willard, my guide on my Kilimanjaro hike. 

Your team on Kili will be absolutely amazing, no doubt about it. They will do whatever they can to help you summit, practically carry you if need be. They are extremely selfless and charismatic people, and they make the experience so much more enjoyable. Porters are the men and women who dedicate themselves to carrying all of your gear up the mountain, setting up camp, cooking meals, and creating a vibrant hike experience. Guides spend time with you on your hike—helping you stay on the trail, keeping an eye on your health, and really just guiding you to the summit. On my trip, the team loved to dance and sing and always invited us to join them on breaks and when at camp. They welcomed us to become immersed in the culture and understand the historical importance of Mount Kilimanjaro. The guides and porters truly enhanced the experience, so much that you simply won’t want to leave them. You will want to have WhatsApp downloaded on your phone so you can put in your favorite porters’ and guides’ numbers; when you get home, having those connections will keep a piece of Kili in your heart forever. 

3. You will probably get sick 

I hate to be the bearer of bad news, but if you decide to climb Kili, you will most likely find yourself experiencing at least some altitude sickness symptoms. It’s inevitable when going up 19,000 feet. Headache, nausea, and exhaustion are some of the more common symptoms. They will not end your hike early, but they will make life a little more miserable on the mountain. You just have to push through! Your guides will keep track of your vitals every day and will encourage you to eat and drink as much as your body will allow—food and water will be your best friend up there. You may hear people say that getting to high elevations eliminates your appetite, and this is very true. I found it hard to stomach even soup broth on my hike. It is best to pack some of your favorite snacks to help get past your lack of appetite. Many people, including myself, take altitude sickness pills to help combat symptoms. They are worth taking as long as they don’t cause negative effects on your body. They helped lessen the severity of my symptoms. 

4. It is like being in a movie 

Aerial View of Mount Kilimanjaro.Takashi Muramatsu. CC BY-ND 2.0.

Kilimanjaro is absolutely breathtaking. I remember feeling like I was living in a Star Wars scene for the majority of the hike. The sunsets and sunrises are unlike anything you will ever see again. Barranco Camp, where you will find yourself after hiking from Shira to Lava Tower to Barranco, was the highlight of my entire hike. Beautiful waterfalls, camping on a cliff in the clouds, being surrounded by the massive Barranco Wall (which you will be climbing up the next morning)—it is a beautiful and untouched part of the world. It makes the everyday battle worth it. When you’re feeling like giving up, just stop and turn around. The view you see will give you the courage to keep going. 

5. You may see some horrific things 

Barranco Wall on Mount Kilimanjaro. Haleigh Kierman 

This is not a guarantee, but it is best to know what can happen. During my hike, I witnessed a man pass away right on the trail from cardiac arrest. I never thought I would see something like this, so it is important you know that really anything is possible before deciding if the hike is right for you. It is much more common to see people get physically sick or use the “bathroom” in clear sight, which are things we can typically move on with. With that said, there is always the possibility you can see something more severe. Do not fear though, Kilimanjaro is remarkably safe given its size. Around 30,000 hikers attempt each year with only a 0.03% death rate. If you know and trust your individual abilities and health, there is little to be concerned about.  

6. You will discover an unimaginable amount of self-pride when you finish 

Sunrise on Summit Day. Haleigh Kierman

Summit day: it’s killer. You begin the final trek to the summit around 11:30 p.m. and get to the top around 8 a.m., depending on your pace. At this point, you will be sleep-deprived, feeling as though you are suffocating with every step you take because the air is so thin. But somehow, you will find that strength in you to keep going. And when you finally make it to the top, all you will feel is euphoria. You may even shed a tear or two. Kili will push you to your limit and then past that. You really will discover a new part of yourself you didn’t know was there. If you set your mind to conquering Kilimanjaro, you can do it. It will be one of the hardest things you will ever do, but the reward is a feeling of accomplishment that will change your life forever.  

Haleigh Kierman

Haleigh is a student at The University of Massachusetts, Amherst. A double Journalism and Communications major with a minor in Anthropology, she is initially from Guam, but lived in a small, rural town outside of Boston most of her life. Travel and social action journalism are her two passions and she is appreciative to live in a time where writers voices are more important than ever.

7 Famous Trees of The World

Today, trees face threats such as deforestation, habitat reduction and fires fueled by climate change. Despite it all, these seven tree species continue to symbolize the lands they call home.

Forest in Italy. Giuseppe Costanza. CC0 1.0

As urbanization and overpopulation fuel clearcutting around the globe, these trees stand in their own glory. Granted protection status, having festivals in their honor and attracting admirers from around the world, this is a list of trees that have made a name for themselves and their roots. 

1. Baobabs, Madagascar 

The Avenue of Baobabs. Zigomar. CC BY-SA 2.0

For many, the Avenue of Baobabs is the first thing that comes to mind when they hear the word "Madagascar." Approximately 50 baobab trees line the dusty road and surrounding groves between Morondava and Belon'i Tsiribihina. Endemic to the island, the trees are referred to as "renala," or "mother of the forest," by locals. The avenue has gained international fame, attracting crowds during sunset and became the first protected natural monument in Madagascar in 2007 when it was granted temporary protection status. 

2. Yucca Trees of Joshua Tree State Park, California, USA

YuccaTree in Joshua Tree State Park.Esther Lee. CC BY 2.0

The yucca trees, for which California's Joshua Tree State Park was named, got the nickname “Joshua” from a band of Mormons traveling from Nebraska. The lunar desert climate is ideal for yuccas, which have grown adapted to storing water inside their trunks and twisted branches. They are said to be able to survive on very little rainfall a year, but if the weather happens to bring rain in the spring, the yuccas will give thanks with a sprout of flowers. 

3. Cherry Blossoms, Japan

Cherry blossoms at Mount Fuji. Tanaka Juuyo. CC BY 2.0

The cherry blossom, or sakura, is considered the national flower of Japan. Hanami, the Japanese custom of enjoying the flowers, attracts locals and visitors to popular viewing spots across the country during the annual Cherry Blossom Festival. Peak bloom time depends on the weather, and the cherry trees have been flowering earlier and earlier each year due to climate change. On average, the cherry trees reach peak bloom in mid to late March and last around two weeks.

4. Jacaranda Trees, Mexico City, Mexico

Jacaranda trees. Tatters. CC BY-NC 2.0

Every spring, the already vibrant streets of Mexico City are lined with the jacaranda's violet bloom. President Álvaron Obregón commissioned Tatsumi Matsumoto, an imperial landscape architect from Japan, to plant the trees along the city's main avenues in 1920. Matsumoto was the first Japanese immigrant to come to Mexico, arriving a year before the first mass emigration in 1897 and staying until his death in 1955. Today the jacarandas are considered native flowers and symbolize international friendship. 

5. Rubber Fig Trees, Meghalaya, India

Double-decker living roots bridge. Ashwin Kumar. CC BY-SA 2.0

Widely considered the wettest region in the world, villagers of the northeast Indian state of Meghalaya are separated by deep valleys and running rivers every monsoon season. The living roots bridges are handmade by the Khasi and Jaintia people with the aerial roots of rubber fig trees. The bridges grow strong as the tree's roots thicken with age, holding more than 50 people and lasting centuries if maintained. The double root bridge, pictured above, is almost 180 years old, stands at 2,400 feet high and suspends 30 meters in length. 

6. Argan Trees, Morocco

Goats in an Argania tree. remilozach. CC0 1.0

Built to survive the Saharan climate, Argan trees are endemic to southwestern Morocco. Their scientific name, Argania, is derived from the native Berber language of Shilha (also known as Tashelhit). The trees grow fruits used to make argan oil, an ingredient found in many beauty products. Rights to collect the fruit are controlled by law and village traditions, while several women's co-operatives produce the oil. Goats are frequently photographed climbing argan trees and help in the production process by eating the nuts, leaving the vitamin-rich seeds for the locals to collect. 

7. Trees of the Hoh Valley, Washington, USA

Trees in Hoh Valley. James Gaither. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

On the Pacific side of the Olympic Mountains in the Hoh Rainforest, lush yellow and green moss covers some of North America's giants, including the Sitka Spruce, Red Cedar, Big Leaf Maple and Douglas Fir. As a result of the area's average 140 inches of rainfall per year, the moss is not only enchanting but beneficial. Moss plays an essential role in supporting the forest's biodiversity; like a sponge, it decays, absorbs and finally releases nutrients for the trees’ roots to feed off. 

Claire Redden

Claire is a freelance journalist from Chicago, where she received her Bachelor’s of Communications from the University of Illinois. While living and studying in Paris, Claire wrote for the magazine, Toute La Culture. As a freelancer she contributes to travel guides for the up and coming brand, Thalby. She plans to take her skills to London, where she’ll pursue her Master’s of Arts and Lifestyle Journalism at the University of Arts, London College of Communication.

5 Alcoholic Drinks Made By European Monks

Catholic monks throughout Europe make and sell liquors, beers and wines to travelers, using recipes they have cultivated and perfected over centuries. 

Different types of Scotch Whisky. Jaygoldman. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0. 

Some of the world's major religions prohibit or dissuade their followers from consuming alcohol. Usually, the disapproval of the substance comes from the idea that alcohol consumption leads to addiction, loss of wisdom and more negative outcomes. Buddhist monks condemn alcohol and its consumption. The Quran, the holy text of Islam, prohibits it. Hinduism does not use alcohol in religious contexts but social drinking varies from person to person. But the Catholic faith is inherently linked to the consumption and creation of alcohol. 

Jesus’s first miracle was turning water into wine. Wine was biblically said to “gladden the heart of men (Psalm 104:15)” and was consumed for celebrations. Alcohol also takes a central place in many important practices of the Catholic faith; in taking communion, church goers have a sip of wine. Still to this day, Catholic monks across Europe emphasize the importance of alcohol in their faith by continuing the tradition of making it at monasteries and abbeys. However, the alcohol monks make is not typically for sacramental use, but rather commercial sale and consumption. Travelers from across the globe can taste the different liquors, beers and wines made by Catholic monks, each drink having a unique link back to the faith and history as a whole.  

1. Chartreuse

 

Chartreuse Liquor. Jeremy Brooks. CC BY-NC 2.0.

 

Chartreuse is a French liquor made by the Carthusian monks for more than 200 years. Originally, the liquor was intended to have medicinal properties that extended life spans, but the liquor’s taste popularized it for regular consumption. The liquor’s recipe was given to them by François-Annibal d’Estrées, a French diplomat and soldier, who was closely affiliated with the Catholic Church. The liquor is still made at the monastery located in the Chartreuse Mountains in southeastern France.

Chartreuse is an herbally infused alcohol and is available in both green and yellow colorings. The infused spices leave distinct flavors in the alcohol; herbs like mint, sage and vanilla boldly come through when consumed. Both Green Chartreuse and Yellow Chartreuse vary in flavor, the Green having a strong, almost spicy flavor due to the 130 herbs used to distill it. Yellow Chartreuse is milder and lower in alcohol content, which gives it a sweeter taste when compared to its Green counterpart.

The monks of Grande Chartreuse monastery sell the liquor they make themselves from the distillery they have in Aiguenoire, France, and also from their website. The monks are the only ones who know the real recipe for Chartreuse liquor, making the liquor a coveted asset for craft-cocktail makers. Chartreuse ranges in price, costing anywhere between $50-100, some bottles even exceeding that range. 

2. Aromas De Montserrat

The monastery at Montserrat.  Bert Kaufmannis. CC BY-SA 2.0.

Aromas de Montserrat is a Spanish herbal wine made by Montserrat Monastery monks. The monastery, located on Montserrat mountain, has been a Catholic practicing monastery for over a century. The monastery is now a place of pilgrimage in Spain, which can be accredited to their possession of the Black Madonna, a statue of the Virgin Mary found in a cave in Montserrat. Known as the patron saint of Catalonia, the Black Madonna brings hundreds of travelers a day to the monastery in the mountains.  Besides being a hub for religious history and pilgrimage, the monastery is also known for the wine they make and sell to those who visit.

On the mountain itself, 13 naturally growing spices can be found scattered throughout the foliage. Those who walk or hike the trails of the mountain can smell the rosemary and thyme that clings to the air. Protected by the monastery, and due to its significance as a place of pilgrimage, the only people who have access to the herbs are the monks—visitors are forbidden to pick any spices, and those who do are met with the consequences of heavily enforced conservation laws. However the monks –  able to pick the naturally growing spices for their own needs – use the herbs that grow on their mountain to make their famous Spanish wine.

Using 12 of the spices from their land, the monks of Montserrat distill the wine in copper stills, which is then moved into barrels so the liquid can ferment and age properly. Hints of cinnamon, sage, thyme and more can be tasted when enjoying the wine, which is widely sold in Barcelona and the Catalonian region of Spain for around $25. The wine is said to be dry with a spicy—if not overpowering—taste of the herbs used to distill it. 

3. Trappist Beer

Trappist Beer.  French Disko. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.

Trappist beer is brewed by Trappist monks, who practice Catholicism in monasteries and abbeys across the globe. Trappist beer is made in 14 different monasteries, most of which are spread across Europe—only one residing in the United States. Other countries with Trappist monasteries include Belgium, the Netherlands, Austria, Italy, England, Spain and France.

The production of trappist beer is regulated by the International Trappist Association (ITA), which connects the many Trappist branches and promotes the sale and production of the beer they make. The ITA lists the specific parameters that must be met in order to brew and sell Trappist beer, and if such criteria is met, the ITA stamps the beer as an Authentic Trappist Product (ATP). Trappist beer must be made within the walls of a Trappist Abbey, monks must conduct all of the production themselves, and the profits may only be used to meet any needs in the community.

Most of the abbeys that make Trappist beer allow tours of the breweries and allow travelers to sample and purchase the beer directly from the monastery. Each monastery produces its own unique beer, so travelers who visit different abbeys may encounter a completely new drinking experience each time.

The taste is described by Home Brew Journals as “malty, bready, sweet, spicy” and is said to come in fruit flavors such as apple, cherry and pear.

4. Aqua Vitae (Scotch Whisky)

Lindores Abbey Distillery sign. Dave Paterson. CC BY 2.0.

Monk Friar John Cor, who coined the term “aqua vitae,” or “water of life,” created what we know today to be Scotch Whisky. Lindores Abbey, the birthplace of Scotch Whisky and where Friar John practiced his devout faith, is still a place where Scotch Whisky is distilled. Although the whisky’s recipe comes from the monks, it is now made by a distillery company. However, Lindores Abbey Distillery, headed by Andrew McKenzie Smith, uses the original recipe for Scotch Whisky to perfect and produce its product, keeping with the monks’ original centuries-old practices.

Lindores, dubbed “the spiritual home of Scotch Whisky,” was the place McKenzie Smith decided to build his new distillery. Smith also plans to use fruit from the abbey’s orchard to flavor the whisky in the future. The liquor is now being sold under the name Lindores Scotch Whisky, an ode to the abbey that housed the creators of the liquor.

Scotch Whisky is described as smooth and silky. It has citrus hints, coupled with fruity undertones and flavors. The aftertaste is said to be smoky and sweet. Travelers can visit the distillery, which is right across the street from the abbey. Travelers can explore this too, but Lindores Abbey is practically ruins now, having not been maintained or used for many years. Those who wish to try the whisky on location can, and those who wish to purchase a bottle of Lindores for themselves can do so for around $50.

5. Buckfast Tonic Wine

Buckfast Bottle on the Street. BinaryApe. CC BY 2.0.

Buckfast tonic wine is produced by monks at Buckfast Abbey in England. The wine is made with caffeine, and The Guardian states “each bottle contains around eight times the caffeine of a can of coke.” The properties of this wine, being 15% alcohol and pumped with caffeine, are said to cause those who drink it to get high rather than drunk. Such effects of Buckfast wine have led to increased crime in certain areas of Europe, but Buckfast monks are rejecting the opinion that their wine is to blame. Monks at the abbey claim that the wine is not made to be abused, and that binge-drinking is the real problem. In Scotland, where the wine gained prominence due to its similarity to communion wine, crime is heavily attributed to the wine. Now used recreationally, an area in Scotland dubbed the Buckfast Triangle attributes for nearly 10% of the wine’s sales.  , . Additionally, nearly 7,000 crime reports in that area are connected to the overconsumption of Buckfast wine..

Buckfast Abbey in England is open for church visits, mass and tours of the monastery. The wine is sold globally and can be purchased for around $20 a bottle. Vice describes the flavor of Buckfast as “syrup-thick,” tasting like “a palatable mixture of berry-flavored cola and cough medicine.” Buckfast is the perfect drink for those looking to be adventurous, while also being willing to walk the line between daring and dangerous.

Ava Mamary

Ava is an undergraduate student at the University of Illinois, double majoring in English and Communications. At school, she Web Writes about music for a student-run radio station. She is also an avid backpacker, which is where her passion for travel and the outdoors comes from. She is very passionate about social justice issues, specifically those involving women’s rights, and is excited to write content about social action across the globe. 

Travel and Work for Food on Organic Farms

Organic farms look for travelers to help in exchange for housing, meals and an opportunity to learn—providing a unique mode of affordable, ethical travel. 

Organic farm in Cyprus, Greece. George M. Groutas. CC BY 2.0. 

Worldwide Opportunities on Organic Farms (WWOOF) is the most widespread and popular organization that pairs people interested in volunteering on organic farms throughout the world with host families who run their own organic farms. The idea is that volunteers would be just that: unpaid volunteers, who work part-time on a close-knit and often family-run farm in exchange for free housing and meals with the family. In fact, WWOOF bans any exchange of money between the host and the volunteer. Often, these volunteer stints are short (a few weeks) or part-time, allowing for the volunteer to obtain paid work and/or spend time exploring the area they are living in while also growing  the food they will eat during their stay, immersing themselves in culture, helping a local organization and learning from experienced farmers. Below are some detailed opportunities from every continent in the world. 

North America: Consecon, Canada

Stonefield Alpaca Farm in Consecon, Canada is a 100-acre family-owned and operated farm powered by solar panels and windmills. The owners are looking for volunteers to help maintain the straw bale home they built together, grow their own food and take care of the animals (alpacas and poultry). They hope to become completely self-sufficient in terms of food, and that volunteers can help them do so while also learning from them and exploring Ontario. Learn more here. 

South America: Belize City, Belize

An individual who bought and began his own 14-acre pesticide-free, organic farm in Belize City, Belize offers an opportunity to help develop his farm further in terms of sustainable energy production and other sustainable farming methods. He became a host because he was a WWOOF participant in the past. His farm has goats, monkeys, parrots and sheep. Responsibilities would include taking care of the animals, gardening, landscaping and sharing ideas on how to improve the farm’s organic practices. Learn more here. 

Africa: Apam, Ghana

This family-owned farm in Apam, Ghana is not only a farm located on the coast, in the center of a fishing community, but also an educational and charitable center focused on agriculture and helping the larger community. The hosts are looking for volunteers to help with typical farming tasks, such as taking care of animals and harvesting, as well as build ecological houses and participate in the local fishing. This is a unique opportunity to not only help the environment and one local family, but the entire community as well. Learn more here.

Australia: Upper Kangaroo River

Winderong Farm is a cooperation of 10-15 employees and volunteers working together to revive their surrounding environment in Upper Kangaroo River, Australia. They’re looking for volunteers interested in conservation to work on composting, permaculture and regeneration of the Australian bush. This farm differs from most as it is a larger, community-based effort as opposed to a small family-run farm. Learn more here.

Asia: Kampot, Cambodia

Nakupenda Farm in Kampot, Cambodia is a family and community farm focused on sustainability. They are completely sustainable in terms of energy and are working towards growing all of their own food. They would like volunteers to help harvest food and help them reach their goal of becoming entirely self-sufficient. They have also worked on projects in the past such as building earth houses and solar dehydrators, which dry fruits and vegetables to preserve them. Nakupenda Farm sits on 3.5 acres of land. Learn more here.

Passive solar dehydrator. Colleen Taugher. CC BY 2.0. 

Europe: Hvolsvöllur, Iceland

The Farm Buland is a certified organic dairy farm run by three generations of one family. They would primarily be looking for help with the cows and other livestock, such as chicken, horses and sheepdogs. The owner is passionate about environmentalism and has studied natural healing and medicine. They have over 50 humanely treated cows, providing an opportunity to work on a large-scale ethical and organic farm. Learn more here.

These are only a few examples of the types of farms looking for volunteers; there are hundreds of local and family-owned farms all over the globe searching for people passionate about agriculture and the environment to help them while learning from their experience. In addition to WWOOF, potential volunteers can find more opportunities through similar organizations like World Packers, as well as through the websites of individual independent farms on the lookout for volunteers, such as Red Hook Farm.

Calliana Leff

Calliana is currently an undergraduate student at Boston University majoring in English and minoring in psychology. She is passionate about sustainability and traveling in an ethical and respectful way. She hopes to continue her writing career and see more of the world after she graduates. 

Trail Angels and Trail Magic on the Appalachian Trail

As thru-hikers backpack the Appalachian Trail from Maine to Georgia, people dedicated to assisting the hiking community volunteer their time to perform services to the hikers who need it most.

The Appalachian Trail in the fall. Nicholas T. CC BY 2.0.

Sporadically stationed along the Appalachian Trail (AT)—a hike that spans through 14 states starting in Maine and coming down through Georgia—volunteers dubbed “Trail Angels” set up to assist thru-hikers on their journey across the mountains.

The Appalachian Mountain Range has become one of the three major hiking trails in the U.S. and a welcome challenge for some of the most experienced backpackers in the country. The Appalachian Trail Conservatory (ATC) website states the trail is over 2,190 miles, and to do it in one trip “typically takes five to seven months.” Despite the challenge, thru-hikers travel in droves to attempt the AT every year, facing the physical and mental fatigue that accompanies months of full-day hikes, low calorie meals and poor sleeping and hygiene conditions. But in tests of true strength, a little help is always welcome, and the thru-hiking community shows an aptitude for providing some magic just when it’s needed most. 

A thru-hiker on his journey. @Zen. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.

Trail Angels are volunteers who provide free services to thru-hikers during their journey across the mountains, a fitting name for their selfless acts of kindness. Trail Angels typically provide what has been called Trail Magic. The Appalachian Trail Conservatory explains Trail Magic as “finding what you need most when you least expect it,” emulating why the work Trail Angels do is so special; it is an unexpected surprise in an environment where everyday is so monotonous - hiking, eating, camping and repeating the process for days on end. Further, in stretches of the Appalachian Trail where the terrain is most daunting, Trail Magic can make a world of difference to thru-hikers contemplating quitting or even more severely, thru-hikers in desperate, life-or-death need of food, water, or shelter.

The services Trail Angels provide generally reside within three realms: food services, ride and supply services, and general care. The ATC explains the phenomena of “hiker feeds”, which is when Angels set up a station along the trail or near trailheads and provide hot meals, beverages, fruit and more to help feed any ravenous backpackers. Additionally, Trail Angels will provide ride services into town for any much needed supplies, including food, propane tanks used for portable stoves and hygiene products. As well as providing Magic on the Trail, Angels occasionally facilitate off-trail services, allowing hikers to spend the night in their personal homes so they can get much needed sleep and hygienic care.

Trail Angel leaving some Magic. @Cyclotourist. CC BY-NC 2.0.

Chatrooms, Facebook groups and Twitter accounts have all been made to connect Trail Angels with thru-hikers in need. Although Trail Magic is typically an unexpected surprise, hikers can occasionally request help during their hike from those willing to give it. The Trail Angel List is a collective organization that specializes in connecting hikers with those wishing to help them. In their online forum, folks can be seen offering their services to the thru-hiking community. 

Most Trail Angels have personal connections, linking their service on the AT with experiences they or a family member has had while backpacking. On the forum, folks like Stan Mordensky write, “I became a Trail Angel well before the summer of 2013 when my son was a thru-hiker on the AT,” following up his post by saying he teaches high-adventure skills and drives around the New Jersey-Pennsylvania border area to help thru-hikers in need. Another thru-hiker, Megan Lynne, states “I have been an avid high-altitude climber…and would like to help with rides, meals…lodging, laundry, showers,” connecting her own past with hiking to her reasons for service to the AT community.

Alongside the veteran-hikers-turned-Trail-Angels, there are also numerous people on forums such as The Trail Angels List that do this work for no plausible reason at all. Maybe they enjoy volunteering in a community so thankful for any help they are given or they like inspiring hikers to continue on with their journey. Maybe they enjoy listening to the stories of the people they meet along the way. Regardless of the reason, no matter the motivation, it is undeniable that Trail Angels are at the heart of the thru-hiking community and demonstrate the power of selfless, genuine community service.

Ava Mamary

Ava is an undergraduate student at the University of Illinois, double majoring in English and Communications. At school, she web writes about music for a student-run radio station. She is also an avid backpacker, which is where her passion for travel and the outdoors comes from. She is very passionate about social justice issues, specifically those involving women’s rights, and is excited to write content about social action across the globe.