Go Snorkeling Amongst Archaeological Ruins

At Gaiola Underwater Park in Naples, ancient Roman ruins meet vibrant marine ecosystems. Explore this treasure trove beloved by locals. 

Gaiola Island. Gianfranco Vitolo. CC BY 2.0

At the foot of Posillipo Hill in Naples, Italy, is a protected marine area stretching over 103 acres. Gaiola Underwater Park was founded in 2002 by Interministerial Decree and is managed by the Gaiola Onlus Interdisciplinary Study Center. Extending from the village of Marechiaro to the Bay of Trentaremi, the park is a treasure trove of biological, historical, and archaeological wonders in one of the most evocative coastal landscapes in the Gulf of Naples.

Renowned for its rich marine biodiversity, the park's waters are home to a range of species, some of which are unique to the Mediterranean. The landscape of the seabed and the favorable circulation of marine currents has allowed the settlement of ​​a rich and varied biological community. It provides a habitat for various fish, crustaceans, and algae, contributing to the overall health of the Mediterranean. Octopuses, white breams, damselfish and moray eels swim amongst ancient ruins, polychrome sponges, and beautiful walls of sea daisies. The park's protection ensures that these species can thrive without the pressures of commercial fishing and pollution.

Beyond marine life, the underwater park is also home to archaeological remains dating back to ancient Roman times. Inspired by Posillipo’s beauty, the Roman aristocracy settled along the coast in 100 BCE. The most significant structure was the Villa of Pausilypon, built by the Imperial official Publio Vedio Pollio. The Villa occupied much of the coastal stretch of the current Park. Remains of the Villa’s maritime structures, such as majestic tuff quarries, landings, mosaic floors, nymphaeums, and fish ponds, are still visible along the coast and below the sea surface, thanks to a local volcano-tectonic phenomenon of slow lifting and lowering of the earth's crust known as “bradyseism.”

The Gaiola Underwater Park is a center for scientific research and environmental education. The park plays a vital role in marine conservation efforts, offering a space for researchers to study marine life and ecosystems. Educational programs and workshops are regularly conducted to raise awareness about marine conservation and the importance of preserving the Bay of Naples’ natural and cultural heritage.

Posillipo Naples. Fiore Silvestro Barbato. CC BY-SA 2.0

Once, Gaiola was considered a cursed island. According to local legend, the lives of the island’s previous owners ended in suicide, financial disaster or shipwreck. In 1911, a shipskipper, Captain Gaspare Albenga, crashed his boat into the rocks of the island and drowned while he was examining it for potential purchase, although locals say neither body nor ship was ever found. 

In the 1920s, a Swiss businessman, Hans Braun took possession of the island and was subsequently found murdered and wrapped in a rug. Not long after, his wife drowned at sea. ​​The island was then purchased by Otto Grunback, a German perfume dealer. He suffered a heart attack and instantly died at the Villa. These are only a few examples of the many stories that exist about the misfortune that befalls those who attempt to purchase the island.

Bay of Trentaremi. Giuseppe Guida. CC BY-SA 4.0

After these tragedies, more legends about the area were born. One of the most famous is that the ghost of a faceless woman haunts the area. According to local fishermen, it is the spirit of a woman who died during the San Giorgio cruiser's shipwreck in 1911. Others believe the specter to be the ghost of Hans Braun's late wife.

The origin of the name “Gaiola” is debated. Officially, the namesake derives from two small islands located in the park off the coast of Posillipo. Some think that the name Gaiola comes from the Latin cavea, meaning cave, corral or grotto. In Neapolitan, the word gajola means cage, recalling the cage-like shape of the archipelago. Cavea can also mean amphitheater. Gaiola hosts its own amphitheater in the ancient Villa. 

Archaeological Park of Pausilypon. Armando Mancini. CC BY-SA 2.0

Visitors can participate in guided tours that offer exciting activities and insight into the park's ecological and historical significance. To visit the Gaiola Underwater Park, it is essential to make a reservation in advance due to the park's commitment to preserving its delicate ecosystems by maintaining a controlled number of visitors. You can enter the park any day with an online reservation, although hours and restrictions vary depending on the season. Aside from guided tours, there are many activities for visitors to take part in, such as glass-bottomed boats, snorkeling, scientific diving, and kayaking.

GETTING THERE

The park is accessible from Naples’ city center by metro, car or bus. The park’s website features detailed information on activities, visitor guides, and the park’s history.

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Rebecca Pitcairn

Rebecca studies Italian Language and Literature, Classical Civilizations, and English Writing at the University of Pittsburgh. She hopes to one day attain a PhD in Classical Archeology. She is passionate about feminism and climate justice. She enjoys reading, playing the lyre, and longboarding in her free time. 

The Human Cost of Sustainable Energy

While wealthy nations and corporations benefit from the shift to renewable energy, the poorest and most disenfranchised communities are left to suffer the consequences.

Cobalt Mine. Afrewatch. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

As the demand for renewable energy increases, industrialized countries are racing to obtain metals like lithium, cobalt, zinc, manganese and nickel. These metals are used to make batteries, solar panels and wind turbines—technologies that will ideally enable a transition away from fossil fuels. However, procuring and processing the materials necessary to support these sustainable infrastructures comes with a price that is often overlooked: the human and environmental toll of mining these resources is anything but sustainable for communities worldwide. 

Continents rich in these resources— like Africa, Latin America, and Asia—are facing a surge in mining activities, which has in turn led to widespread human rights violations and environmental degradation, particularly among Indigenous communities. According to the Transition Mineral Tracker, there have been 631 human rights abuse allegations against companies involved in the extraction of transition minerals between 2010 and 2022, with 46% of the allegations originating in South America.

Lithium Mine in Argentina. EARTHWORKS. CC BY-NC 2.0

Human Rights Watch has documented a litany of abuses in mining sectors, from child labor and hazardous working conditions to chemical pollution and forced displacement. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is the world's biggest producer of cobalt, a critical component of lithium-ion batteries, which power everything from electric vehicles to smartphones. Child labor remains an issue in the DRC, with more than 40,000 children working in the hazardous conditions of the Katanga province’s cobalt mines, according to data from the United Nations.

These children, victims of trafficking and of necessity, are subjected to horrendous conditions, including frequent mine collapses and prolonged exposure to toxic dust. Their work is grueling, often lasting for 12 hours a day, with little to no protective gear. Some children work with their bare hands. Many suffer from chronic health problems, such as respiratory issues and musculoskeletal disorders, as a result of the substandard working conditions.

Cobalt Mining Site. Fairphone. CC BY-NC-SA

Adults suffer in the mines as well, laboring in slave-like conditions. Cobalt mining tunnels often reach lengths and depths far greater than the legal maximum of 98 feet, an already dangerous level. Poor regulation, governance and lack of incentive to adhere to the law means tunnels can reach lengths of up to 295 feet, a level that threatens extreme risk of collapse, landslides and death for miners. 

Conditions underground are hot and dusty, as miners rely on generators for oxygen during their 12-hour shifts, six days a week. Though cobalt is toxic to touch and breathe, miners are constantly exposed to the substance. Exposure to polluted water and air can lead to several health problems, including respiratory illnesses, skin conditions and even cancer. In some mining areas, the rate of birth defects and infant mortalities has increased, raising alarm among local and international health organizations.

Cobalt Miners in the DRC. The International Institute for Environment and Development. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

The environmental impact of mining is another major concern. The mining industry has ravaged the landscape of the DRC. Millions of trees have been cut down and the air surrounding the mines is hazy with dust and grit. The mining process often involves the use of hazardous chemicals to separate the desired minerals from the ore. These chemicals can seep into the soil and water, contaminating local water supplies and agricultural land. “In this stream, the fish vanished long ago, killed by acids and waste from the mines,” one Congo resident reported of his childhood fishing hole. In some cases, mining operations have dried up rivers and lakes, devastating local ecosystems and the livelihoods of those who depend on them. 

The expansion of mining activities often causes the displacement of entire communities, whether by pollution or force. Data from the Business & Human Rights Resource Center points to widespread violations of Indigenous peoples’ rights—such as forced relocation, water pollution and denial of access to traditional land—as well as attacks on human rights defenders and workers’ rights abuses. In countries like Indonesia, Peru, Columbia and Bolivia, mining operations have displaced Indigenous peoples from their ancestral lands. These displacements not only disrupt the social fabric of communities but also erode cultural identities that are deeply tied to the land. 

In many cases, those who resist displacement or speak out against mining abuses face retaliation. In Indonesia, local officers were accused of breaching police ethics through the use of intimidation tactics, carrying around weapons to compel people to leave their ancestral village. There have been numerous reports of police violence and arbitrary arrests of activists who oppose mining projects. In Colombia, a mine was built within the sacred territory of the Embera people, without any consultation with Indigenous locals. The community faced forced displacements, the territory was militarized, and leaders who spoke out about human rights violations became targets of harassment. 

As the demand for green energy continues to rise, companies that rely on these materials must ensure that supply chains are free from exploitation. This includes due diligence, supporting fair labor practices, and investing in cleaner and more sustainable mining technologies. Governments also have a role in regulating the mining industry and protecting the rights of vulnerable communities. Stronger international regulations, greater transparency and accountability are essential in preventing abuses and ensuring that the beneficiaries of the green energy transition are not limited to corporations.

GET INVOLVED

GoodWeave: Founded in 1994 by Nobel Peace Prize laureate Kailash Satyarthi, GoodWeave is a leading nonprofit organization in the fight to stop child labor in global supply chains. The institution partners with companies and local producer communities to bring visibility to hidden supply chains, protect workers’ rights, provide assurance that products are free of child or forced labor, and support exploited children.

Good Shepherd International Foundation: Good Shepherd International Foundation works to support women, girls and children living in vulnerable and impoverished conditions. They protect and promote the rights of people affected by poverty, human trafficking, child labor, and other human rights violations in over than 30 countries.

Global Witness: Global Witness works to hold companies and governments accountable for ecological destruction and the failure to protect human rights. The organization campaigns to end corporate complicity in environmental and human rights abuses, end corporate corruption,  hold companies in the natural resource sector to the law, and protect activists standing up to climate-wrecking industries.

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Rebecca Pitcairn

Rebecca studies Italian Language and Literature, Classical Civilizations, and English Writing at the University of Pittsburgh. She hopes to one day attain a PhD in Classical Archeology. She is passionate about feminism and climate justice. She enjoys reading, playing the lyre, and longboarding in her free time.

My Road Trip Across The Balkans

Photographer Laura Grier shares her adventures through Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro and more.

Macedonia. Laura Grier.

Imagine hitting the road with your best friends, traveling through the breathtaking Balkans, in the heart of the former Yugoslavia. A journey through some of the most stunning landscapes in Europe, this epic road trip was also a personal milestone for me as I celebrated visiting my 100th country along the way.

Although many Americans don’t often travel to this part of the world, Eastern Europe is a hidden gem — safe, welcoming and incredibly affordable. Crossing borders was a breeze, even though we didn’t speak the local languages. Everywhere we went, from bustling cities to quaint villages, we were greeted with warm smiles and genuine hospitality.

The mix of rich history, mouth-watering food and awe-inspiring nature made my trip unforgettable. Whether exploring medieval fortresses perched on cliffs, wandering through picturesque towns, or relaxing by crystal-clear lakes, every moment offered a new adventure. A must-visit destination for any adventurous traveler, this beautiful and often overlooked part of the world is a treasure trove of experiences waiting to be discovered.

1. Bosnia

Mostar Bridge:

The iconic Stari Most, or Mostar Bridge, is both a stunning example of Ottoman architecture and the site of a centuries-old tradition. As a rite of passage in Bosnia, young men often gather on the bridge to prove their bravery by diving 70 feet into the Neretva River which runs below.

Jajce:

The town of Jajce, with its picturesque waterfalls and medieval charm, looks like something out of a fairy tale. Perched high up on a hill between the crossroads of two rivers, this enchanting walled city is also the birthplace of Yugoslavia, making the village as historically significant as it is beautiful.

2. Macedonia

Lake Ohrid:

Lake Ohrid, one of Europe's oldest and deepest lakes, cradles the ancient city of Ohrid. Believed to be the oldest human settlement in Europe, archaeological evidence suggests that the area has been inhabited for over 7,000 years. One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Europe, the town itself dates back to at least the 4th century BCE. Featuring serene waters and historic sites, Ohrid is truly a gem amongst UNESCO World Heritage sites.

Bay of Bones:

The Bay of Bones is an extraordinary archaeological site that reconstructs an ancient lake settlement from 1200 B.C.E. The floating village, resting upon Lake Ohrid, offers a glimpse into the life of Macedonia's earliest inhabitants. The actual ruins of the original settlement lie underwater, just beneath the recreated floating village. You can even book a snorkeling or scuba tour to explore them up close!

Matka Lake:

Located in Macedonia’s Matka Canyon, Matka Lake is a haven for nature lovers and adventurers alike. Beyond crystal-clear waters and dramatic cliffs, this stunning natural gorge is also home to hidden caves and medieval monasteries, making it a must-visit in Macedonia. You can hike up the nearby mountain to visit the church at the top and then hike back down to swim and do watersports in the lake. However, it’s important to remember that the water temperature can be as cold as 48 degrees Fahrenheit depending on the season. The lake's cool temperature is due to the depth of the canyon and the icy waters from nearby underground springs, making it feel more like a polar plunge!

3. Croatia

Plitvice Lakes:

Visiting Plitvice Lakes National Park feels like stepping into a fantasy, with its breathtaking wonderland of cascading waterfalls, lush greenery and mesmerizing turquoise lakes. This UNESCO World Heritage site is Croatia's natural treasure, captivating visitors with its otherworldly beauty. Plitvice is home to 16 interconnected lakes, each more stunning than the next. I was obsessed with the beautiful neon green moss that covered everything around them. 

Dubrovnik:

Dubrovnik, often called the "Pearl of the Adriatic," is a city where history comes alive. With ancient stone walls, charming streets and panoramic views of the sparkling sea, this medieval city is a stunning blend of ancient architecture and vibrant culture. In Dubrovnik, "Game of Thrones" fans will recognize numerous filming locations from the series, such as King's Landing. Walking through the town’s streets might just feel like stepping into Westeros!

Split:

In Split, the past and present beautifully collide. Once the site of a Roman emperor's palace, Split is a vibrant blend of ancient history and modern life. With its sprawling complex of ruins, the UNESCO-listed Diocletian's Palace forms the heart of this bustling coastal city. The narrow streets are interconnected and labyrinthine — you will need to allow yourself time to get lost and discover hidden bars and restaurants, some of which haven't changed in centuries!

4. Montenegro

Tara Canyon:

Tara Canyon, the second deepest canyon in the world, is one of Montenegro's most jaw-dropping natural wonders. With dense forests and a crystal-clear river carving through the rugged landscape, the site is a dream come true for adventurers and nature lovers. The Tara River is known as the "Tear of Europe" because of its pure, drinkable waters. If you're into white-water rafting, this canyon also offers some of the best in Europe!

Kotor:

Visiting Kotor felt like time-traveling to the medieval past. Nestled between dramatic mountains and the shimmering Bay of Kotor, the town is a popular stop on European cruises. While it seems impossible for the narrow bay to accommodate cruise ships, these boats nonetheless manage to bring in thousands of tourists. You can spend the day kayaking out to churches on tiny islands, exploring caves, getting lost exploring the cobblestone streets, and visiting impressive fortifications dating back to the Venetian era.

5. Slovenia:

Predjama Castle:

A medieval fortress built into the mouth of a cliff cave, Predjama Castle is truly a sight to behold. This marvel of engineering holds a Guinness World Record as the largest cave castle in the world (which I didn't know was even a thing)! I love exploring secret passageways and caves and was fascinated when I discovered that the castle’s secret hidden tunnel was used by Erasmus of Lueg to sneak out and bring in supplies during a siege. Exploring this castle felt like diving straight into an “Indiana Jones” movie!

Slovenia’s Coastline:

Slovenia’s spectacular coastline may be small, but it packs a punch with its crystal-clear waters and pristine white pebble beaches. It is truly a hidden gem, perfect for those looking to escape the crowds. Piran, a charming coastal town, is often compared to Venice for its Venetian-style architecture and stunning views of the Adriatic Sea.

Slovenia as "Narnia":

If you've ever dreamed of stepping into a fairy tale, then Slovenia is the place for you. The country’s enchanting landscapes, rolling hills and ancient forests are so magical that they served as a backdrop for "The Chronicles of Narnia" films. Driving through Slovenia, every turn reveals a new and breathtaking scene. It felt like Narnia came to life — and I never wanted to leave!

6. Serbia:

Fields of Sunflowers and Agriculture:

Who knew that Serbia was a land of endless sunflower fields and rich agriculture? When I first drove into Serbia, I couldn’t help but feel like I was in the Midwestern United States. Northern Serbia, with its flat terrain, was once an ancient seabed, which is why the soil is so nutrient-rich. This makes it perfect for growing crops that stretch as far as the eye can see, creating stunning golden landscapes in the summer.

Belgrade:

Serbia’s capital, Belgrade, is a city with a rich and tumultuous history. Its most famous landmark, the Belgrade Fortress, has stood the test of time, watching over the Sava and Danube rivers. This fortress has seen everything from medieval battles to World War II skirmishes. Today, it’s a beloved park and museum, offering panoramic views of the city and a peek into the hidden tunnels and bunkers used during World War II. The underground armory inside the castle was even converted into a popular underground disco tech in the ’90s. I love how this region of the world has embraced its tumultuous past and incorporated it into modern life in creative ways.

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Laura Grier

Laura is a dynamic Adventure Photographer, Photo Anthropologist, Travel Writer, and Social Impact Entrepreneur. With a remarkable journey spanning 87 countries and 7 continents, Laura's lens captures both the breathtaking landscapes and the intricate stories of the people she encounters. As a National Geographic artisan catalog photographer, Huffington Post columnist, and founder of Andeana Hats, Laura fuses her love for photography, travel, and social change, leaving an impact on the world.

Connecting with Culture: Embracing Food, Tradition and Language in Sri Lanka

With ancient Buddhist temples, stories of independence and deep-rooted traditions, Sri Lanka offers a South Asian experience unlike any other.

View from Elephant Sanctuary. Mira White.

The jewel of the Indian Ocean, Sri Lanka is recognized for its abundance of biodiversity and rich culture. Featuring vast rainforests, idyllic beaches and towering mountain ranges, the island is a hotspot for elephants, pink sand beaches and adventurous travelers. Its extensive history bridges the divide between the past and the present. 

Dambulla Cave Temple. Mira White.

Living with a host family in Colombo and working for the Sri Lankan grassroots organization, Gammadda, I was able to experience the authenticity of Sri Lankan local life. Sponsored by Brown University, I interned for Gammadda, a group that prides itself on being an initiative “for the people by the people” while traveling across the country to complete rural development projects. Regardless of whether I was with my host family, at the office or in a remote part of the island, I was continuously exposed to an outstanding variety of new cultures, customs and habits. 

My ten weeks living in Sri Lanka presented me with the opportunity to immerse myself in various facets of a culture older than any other I’ve experienced. Surrounded by Sinhala, spiced curry and tuk-tuks, I adapted to a lifestyle consumed by the language barrier, a diet of rice and, often, unpredictable transportation. Despite my unfamiliarity with Sri Lankan customs and traditions, I was always welcomed with kindness and understanding.

I arrived at the end of May, near the end of Sri Lanka’s Vesak Festival which celebrates the birth, enlightenment and death of Lord Buddha. The Colombo Bandaranaike International Airport was decorated with traditional flags and lights hanging from the ceiling. Upon my entrance into the country, I was greeted with warm welcomes and joyful smiles from coworkers and my host family, a testament to the real pride that Sri Lankans feel in welcoming internationals to their country.

Arriving at Colombo Bandaranaike International Airport. Mira White.

Living with a host family provided me with an intimate view of Sri Lankan life. Most mornings for the family began with the traditional Sri Lankan breakfast of rice and curry. At dinner, I was introduced to an array of rich spices and flavors and encouraged to try string hoppers, kottu and roti—so long as I could stomach food with intense spice— I could not. 

My host family took great joy in seeing me taste their country’s diverse cuisine and were often eager to share with me the components and history of each dish. Aside from the food we shared, they took pride in speaking Sinhala and Tamil around me, hoping I would catch on to some words. They were eager to teach me small bits of the local languages in order to make me feel more integrated into their world. By the end of my trip, I could confidently say that I was familiar with simple phrases and greetings. I was elated to hear someone say “kohomada”—how are you?— when they answered the phone. 

The hospitality of my host family extended beyond the dining table. They offered to take me on multiple excursions, highlighting places that showcased the island’s natural beauty. One memorable trip was to the Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage where I had the chance to see and touch elephants up close.

Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage. Mira White.

In the office, camaraderie among my co-workers was one of my most rewarding experiences. Colleagues helped me navigate office culture and even brought me to their homes to help dress me in a traditional Kandyan saree for formal work events, a gesture that made me feel deeply connected to those that I’d met in Sri Lanka and its local traditions.

Gammadda Colleagues. Mira White.

Beyond the office, co-workers were enthusiastic about sharing their local knowledge. They recommended must-see places and offered to accompany me on several outings to explore the island. They eagerly encouraged me to delve into local traditions and festivals. While on field site trips together, they encouraged me to try different foods and went out of their way to bring me to nearby sites to experience the natural richness of the island. Through their guidance, I gained a deeper understanding of the Sri Lankan business, cultural, and personal life that makes up the nation’s diverse tapestry.

Fieldwork took me to various parts of Sri Lanka, including areas severely impacted by poverty and climate change. The challenges faced by locals were stark—drought, erratic weather and economic hardship painted a sobering picture of life outside of Colombo. Despite the difficult circumstances under which I met those in rural villages, the warmth and gratitude of each individual was remarkable. My co-workers and I were welcomed into homes with genuine hospitality and kindness, often through the form of shared meals.

During projects for the grassroots organization I worked for, locals performed traditional dances and musical performances. These ceremonies provided a glimpse into their cultural heritage, underscoring their determination to preserve the connection to their roots against all odds. The people I encountered lived a life deeply intertwined with their faith and traditions. Their resilient authenticity stood in contrast to the struggles that they faced, demonstrating their profound strength and pride. 

Traditional Dance Ceremony. Mira White.

During one particular ceremony, I was asked to join project organizers and funders in lighting a ceremonial candle in tribute to the work done. This act had been a gesture of symbolic participation in local customs, connecting me deeply with this specific community and the challenges of its people. 

Candle Lighting Ceremony. Mira White.

Children in the Koleyaya community. Mira White.

This sense of community was evident in all of my interactions, whether with colleagues, rural children or just observing those on the side of the road. Sri Lanka’s allure as a tourist destination extends far beyond its picturesque landscapes alongside cities such as Kandy or Sigiriya Rock. The island’s cultural richness is reflected in its food, language and music, each of which tells a story of history and pride. Through sampling local cuisine, attending cultural festivals and engaging with the community, visitors are provided with deep insight into how Sri Lankans navigate the complexities of their environment while maintaining an exuberant spirit. 

In the face of its challenges, Sri Lankans have cultivated a culture of warmth and hospitality. For those who choose to visit the island, the experience is as much about understanding the cultural landscape as it is about witnessing breathtaking beauty. Sri Lankans’ deep-rooted cultural pride is matched only by their kindness, making every visitor feel like a cherished guest. Beyond its landscape, Sri Lanka offers an opportunity to immerse oneself fully in a culture that thrives on connection and community. The enthusiasm with which locals invite you to explore their traditions, participate in ceremonies, learn the language and experience their daily lives creates a unique journey that I have yet to experience anywhere else. Once you’ve visited Sri Lanka, you become part of a larger family that eagerly awaits your return. Truly, Sri Lanka is more than just the jewel of the Indian Ocean, for visitors, it becomes a home away from home—a transformative experience that will call you back to its shores. 

Families in Koleyaya village in Badulla District. Mira White.

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Mira White

Mira is a student at Brown University studying international and public affairs. Passionate about travel and language learning, she is eager to visit each continent to better understand the world and the people across it. In her free time she perfects her French, hoping to someday live in France working as a freelance journalist or in international affairs.

Stopping AAPI Hate: Checking in on the Lead Asian Hate Prevention Group

With Anti-Asian hate on the rise, see what Stop AAPI Hate is doing to combat it and how you can help.

A Stop Asian Hate demonstration in Washington, DC. Elvert Barnes. CC BY 2.0

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States saw a dramatic increase in anti-Asian hate crimes and attacks. According to the FBI’s data reports, the number of recorded hate crimes exploded to 424 in 2020, up almost 175% from 2019. A survey by the Pew Research Center showed 1 in 3 Asian Americans knew someone who had been attacked or threatened because of their race. Many believed that Sinophobic rumors placing the origin of the COVID-19 virus in China fueled this sharp increase in violence.

Out of this crisis arose the organization Stop AAPI Hate. Initially meant to document anti-Asian hate in the US, Stop AAPI Hate has become a full-fledged advocacy group. The organization has several ongoing campaigns, such as the wildly successful No Place for Hate movement. The group also advocates for policy changes (such as a law in California that aims to prevent harassment on public transit), working to strengthen civil rights protections across the board. In 2023, Stop AAPI Hate fought to stop a potential Texas law that would prevent AAPI (Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders) immigrants from purchasing houses.

More recently, Stop AAPI Hate has moved towards bolstering the confidence and security of AAPIs across the country. In May 2024, a national survey by the organization showed the value of pride and supportive narratives in combating the fear spread by hate crimes. In response to this data, Stop AAPI Hate has announced a new program, Spread AAPI Love, which aims to foster supportive and celebratory connections between AAPIs across the country.

Stop AAPI Hate’s progress has been somewhat restricted by a seemingly unending rise in anti-Asian hate. The organization’s annual survey this year revealed that almost half of all AAPIs in the US were subject to some form of racism or hate. In 2024, there have been a number of reports documenting anti-Asian violence. In February, a man assaulted a Filipino woman on the street in New York. In April, a Massachusetts man ran over a Vietnamese man with his car. In August, a 26-year-old Korean girl calling for medical assistance was instead shot dead by police. The government has acknowledged these crimes and the systems preventing them from being properly reported, but bureaucracy has prevented true justice.

Stop AAPI Hate is doing its best to call attention to these cases as instances of anti-Asian violence continue to rise since the COVID-19 pandemic. Although they have made great progress, their mission is far from complete.

How You Can Help

Stop AAPI Hate is always accepting donations and support, both in general and for their specific campaigns. Many other organizations also dedicate themselves to stopping the spread of hate, including Asian Americans Advancing Justice, Red Canary Song, and the National Asian Pacific American Women’s Forum.

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Ryan Livingston

Ryan is a senior at The College of New Jersey, majoring in English and minoring in marketing. Since a young age, Ryan has been passionate about human rights and environmental action and uses his writing to educate wherever he can. He hopes to pursue a career in professional writing and spread his message even further.

Why Oil Rigging is So Bad for the Environment

Posing significant risks to both human health and the environment, the impact of oil rigging could threaten potential ecological, social and economic devastation if left unaddressed.

Oil rig engineer. Mohamed Hassan. CC0

Oil rigs operate everywhere—along highways, on remote islands, in the middle of the ocean, maybe even next door to your own home. Over the years, the oil industry has caused considerable environmental harm, generating air and light pollution while disrupting wildlife habitats and migration patterns. A report by The Guardian revealed that 17 of the 20 biggest carbon emitters are oil companies, with household names like Chevron, Mobil, and Shell making the list. Contributing to carbon emissions and climate change, oil rigs are directly linked to environmental damage.

As of 2022, the oil and gas industry controlled over 34,000 leases on public lands, totaling over 23.7 million acres. The industries also held leases on over 12 million acres of public waters. Gas and oil companies have been repeatedly accused of unethical practices, including defrauding taxpayers and compromising employee safety. Between 2008 and 2017, there were more than 1,500 oil rig-related deaths in America. Pollutants generated by oil and gas wells are also linked to health problems like asthma, heart damage, stunted growth and premature death. The pipelines and steel platforms used in oil rigging disrupt wildlife habitats, causing distress to animals like deer and buffalo displaced by land development. Given these issues, stricter regulations are necessary. Currently, environmentalists are urging the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to revise oil and gas regulations and hold oil companies accountable for misconduct. Oil companies have a history of abandoning wells without proper cleanup, avoiding royalty payments (federal law requires companies to pay landowners a percentage of profits from sales accrued), and failing to address unsafe working conditions. Oil rigs leak tons of pollutants into the environment, degrading the air and water humans and animals depend on to survive. Solutions include using less toxic organic and biodegradable additives in oil rigging and converting gas-operated equipment to electric or solar.

Oil district in L.A. USC Digital Library. CC0

Urban oil rigging has contributed to pollution in major cities like Los Angeles, operating in close proximity to schools, parks and malls. In the 1920s, Los Angeles was a major player in the global oil industry. However, as local opposition grew due to spills and deteriorating air quality, oil companies began to obscure the reality of their operations. They began to disguise production facilities within buildings and set up oil islands off the Long Beach coast. With many active wells located in predominantly Black and Hispanic neighborhoods in South Los Angeles, oil drilling has disproportionately affected BIPOC communities. It wasn’t until Jan. 23, 2024, that the LA County Board of Supervisors voted to ban new oil extraction and phase out existing rigs.

Production and gas prices have a dependent relationship: when production increases, gas prices tend to fall, and when production decreases, gas prices usually drop. In the first half of 2023, the number of new wells increased by 12% (624 wells) compared to the same period in 2022. No U.S. president has slowed down the oil boom. As the 2024 presidential election approaches, the candidates’ stances regarding the oil industry’s environmental, social and economic impacts will be important.

The pervasive presence of oil rigs, especially offshore and in urban areas, underscores the extensive environmental damage wrought by the industry. As politicians confront oil’s complex legacy, the future of regulation will depend on balancing environmental expectations with economic realities.

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Agnes Volland

Agnes is a student at UC Berkeley majoring in Interdisciplinary Studies and minoring in Creative Writing, with a research focus on road trip culture in America. She currently writes for BARE Magazine and Caravan Travel & Style Magazine. She is working on a novel that follows two sisters as they road trip down Highway 40, from California to Oklahoma. In the future, she hopes to pursue a career in journalism, publishing, or research.

Autumn Around the World: The Best Fall Foliage

From hiking trails to botanical gardens, these five destinations exhibit the true beauty of autumn.

Fall foliage in New England. Anna Tuzel. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.

Though some may believe that autumn marks the end of vacation season, the changing temperature around the world creates stunning scenery worth visiting. From Japan to Scotland, the unique beauty of autumn is captured across various international landscapes, with a comfortable climate and seasonal activities creating the ultimate fall experience.

1. Kyoto, Japan

Tenryu-ji gardens during the autumn season. KimonBerlin. CC BY-SA 2.0.

Whether you are looking for a picture-perfect spot or a place to simply observe beautiful scenery, Kyoto, Japan may be your ideal destination. The fall scenery begins revealing itself in mid-October, peaking in mid-November and lasting until mid-December. There are a variety of areas to visit in Kyoto, including the Tenryu-ji Temple and Gardens. With peak foliage in late November to early December, the gardens’ ponds, pine trees and mountain views truly capture the most picturesque aspects of fall. When visiting the gardens, you can also tour the Tenryu-ji Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site regarded as the most valued temple in the Arashiyama district. 

2. New England, US

Stowe, Vermont. Andrew Ryder. CC BY-NC 2.0.

Comprised of six U.S. states—Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine— New England offers a variety of ways to celebrate the autumn season. For a nature hike, you can explore Maine’s Acadia National Park during peak foliage in mid-October. Located in Mount Mansfield, Stowe is considered Vermont’s “color capital,” with autumn colors peaking in late September to early October. For those who enjoy road trips,  driving down the Kancamagus Highway in New Hampshire could be your ideal fall expedition. New England also holds several fall festivals, such as the New Hampshire Fall Festival, Acadia’s Oktoberfest and the Deerfield Fair.  

3. Edinburgh, Scotland

Princes Street Gardens, Edinburgh. dun_deagh. CC BY-SA 2.0.

For those who enjoy Halloween celebrations, Edinburgh is a great place to experience both the scenery and culture of autumn. Home to 112 parks, the city offers numerous areas in which one can admire the hues of fall, at its brightest between late September and early November. With a variety of walkways through golden trees and views of Edinburgh Castle, the Princes Street Gardens features one of the most scenic areas of Edinburgh. Close-by at Calton Hill, you can observe countryside scenery from the center of the city. Beyond its stunning foliage, Edinburgh also holds many Halloween events, such as the Scottish Storytelling Festival, the Edinburgh Horror Festival and the Samhuinn Fire Festival.

4. Québec City, Canada

Foliage in Québec City. G. Lamar Yancy. CC BY 2.0.

Don’t let the word “city” fool you, Québec City and its surrounding areas exhibit beautiful natural autumn hues, especially in September and October. For mountain views, visit Parc National de la Jacques-Cartier, which has over 62 miles of hiking trails. Mont-Sainte-Anne is also home to several hiking trails, featuring a chairlift to observe the scenic St. Lawrence River. For bird-watching, visit Marais du Nord to explore trails through marshes. Many urban parks in Québec City also capture the beauty of fall foliage, such as the Parc du Bois-de-Coulonge and Domaine de Maizerets.

5. Seoul, South Korea

Hiking trail in Seoul. Metrotrekker.com. CC BY-SA 4.0.

The emergence of foliage in Seoul is a gradual process, giving visitors many opportunities to enjoy the city’s beautiful scenery. However, in order to capture the full peak, it is recommended to visit between mid-October and mid-November. For autumn views and a look into the history of the Joseon Dynasty, visit the Hwadam Botanic Garden. For cable-car tours through the mountains, visit Naejangsan National Park, known for its vibrant red maple leaves. Animal-lovers may enjoy visiting Alpaca World, a farm in the Ginkgo Forest where visitors can interact with and feed alpacas. If you would like to partake in organized tours of these scenic areas, it is important to research the availability for your desired trip dates, as some sites, such as the Hwadam Botanic Garden, have limited tours.

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Alexandra Copeland

Alexandra Copeland is a student at The College of New Jersey studying psychology and journalism. She is a lover of coffee, dancing, and visiting new places. Being raised with her Greek culture has inspired her interest in cultural customs around the world. She is a passionate writer and hopes that her work will make an impact in the future.

6 Surf Hostels Around the World

These budget-friendly accommodations offer more than a bed—they provide a community connection that unites oceans. 

Main entrance of Playa Jaco, Costa Rica. Armando Olivo Martín del Campo. CC BY-SA 4.0 

Wake up to crashing waves, grab your board, and paddle out. Surf hostels are not just places to rest your head; they’re miniature global hubs where travelers, surf enthusiasts and adventure seekers converge. Whether you’re a solo backpacker or part of a group, surf hostels foster friendships and shared experiences such as communal dinners, bonfires on the beach, and impromptu jam sessions with fellow travelers.

Hostels often offer surfboard rentals and lessons, making it an easy way to pick up new skills. Each hostel has its unique flavor, influenced by its location and culture. From Bali’s laid-back vibes to Portugal’s rugged beauty, you’ll taste local cuisines, explore places through their waters and witness unforgettable sunrises and sunsets.

 1. 99 Surf Lodge - Popoyo, Nicaragua 

Surfing in Popoyo, Nicaragua. Dylan Wooters. CC BY-SA 2.0 

99 Surf Lodge in Popoyo, Nicaragua, is a sleek, low-slung modernist hotel that perfectly balances style and unpretentiousness. Situated right on the legendary surf beach of Popoyo, it offers a unique blend of comfort and adventure in a region that is hospitable yet not overdeveloped. Each room boasts an ocean view, allowing guests to check surf conditions from the comfort of their beds. The bungalows and suites, which can accommodate up to four guests, feature private verandas to enjoy the constant offshore breeze. Despite its design-hotel aesthetics, 99 Surf Lodge remains affordable, making it a great value destination. Surfing is the main attraction, but guests can enjoy various water activities and nearby mountain hikes. The hotel’s gym and the on-site restaurant, Taberna 99, provide additional amenities to fuel and rejuvenate guests. With yoga classes, retreats and two seasonal restaurants, including Mesquite, 99 Surf Lodge ensures a memorable stay. Whether surfing, dining or simply relaxing, this beachfront retreat perfectly blends modern comfort and natural beauty. 99 Surf Lodge is a higher-end surf hostel and rates start at $130 per night. 

2. San Sebastian Surf Camp (Stoke Travel) - San Sebastian, Spain

Scenic view from the comb of the wind ride to the Ondarreta beach. Laura Peña. CC BY-SA 3.0 

San Sebastian Surf CAMP, an all-inclusive surf house in the Spanish Basque Country, offers an exhilarating blend of surf, yoga, and vibrant nightlife. Since 2005, Stoke Travel’s Surf Camps have been the go-to destination for exploring San Sebastian and the Basque Country, providing an unbeatable combination of surfing and partying. Now located in a converted Basque farmhouse near Zarautz, the camp has only improved. The communal atmosphere is enhanced by staff who double as surf instructors and prepare all meals, ensuring a seamless experience. The basic package includes dorm accommodation in the scenic Pagoeta nature reserve, healthy homemade meals, daily pickups to Zarautz, introductory surf lessons, and daily yoga classes. Guests can also enjoy unlimited access to surf equipment, local activities, and an open bar for a small fee. With hearty home-cooked meals, welcoming vibes, and awesome parties, this surf camp promises an unforgettable experience. San Sebastian Surf CAMP offers a unique and immersive adventure in a stunning natural setting. There is a two-day minimum and rates start at $50 per night. Get in touch with San Sebastian Surf Camp (Stoke Travel) here. 

3. Hostel & Surf Camp 55 - Ericeira, Portugal

Surfing at Praia do Matadouro. Web Summit. CC BY 2.0 

Hostel & Surfcamp 55 in Ericeira, Portugal, is a fantastic destination for surfing beginners, embodying the slogan “When you feel the Ericeira 55 vibe you don’t want to leave…” Overlooking the ocean and located in the heart of Ericeira, this unique hostel offers a true surf and travel experience. It accommodates up to 22 guests in seven thematic rooms with sea views, providing a relaxed and colorful atmosphere. Guests can enjoy surf lessons, guiding and equipment on-site, as well as daily yoga retreats. The communal lounge area is perfect for socializing, and the shared kitchen allows guests to prepare their own meals or join themed dinners and wine tasting sessions. Located just a five-minute walk from the beach, Hostel 55 also offers free WiFi and various discounts on local activities, including bicycle and board rentals. With clean facilities, friendly staff, and a vibrant communal feel, Hostel & Surfcamp 55 ensures an unforgettable stay in the picturesque fishing village of Ericeira. The nightly rate is $40 and you can contact them here Hostel & Surf Camp 55.  

4. Farm Hostel - Canggu, Indonesia

Young surfers in Bali, Indonesia. Tiket2. CC BY 2.0 

The Farm Hostel in Canggu, Indonesia, offers an exceptional experience for travelers. With five different types of dorms, all air-conditioned and equipped with en-suite bathrooms, the hostel ensures maximum comfort and privacy. Each bed is larger than average, featuring curtains, a reading light, an international power outlet, and a large locker for personal belongings. Located just 1.2 miles from Batu Bolong Beach and Canggu Beach, The Farm Hostel provides accommodations with an outdoor swimming pool, free private parking, a garden and a shared lounge. Guests can enjoy free WiFi, a bar, and a restaurant serving international cuisine with vegetarian, dairy-free, and vegan options. The hostel also offers a paid airport shuttle service. 

Nestled at the end of a peaceful cul-de-sac surrounded by rice fields, banana trees, bamboo and a running stream, The Farm Hostel is a tranquil retreat. Despite its serene location, it is just minutes away from great surf spots, tasty food, vibrant nightlife, and excellent coffee. Since its opening in 2015, The Farm has grown from 22 beds to 118 beds, featuring nine mixed dorms and seven female dorms. With high-speed internet, a small breakfast included, two pools, multiple common areas and a central location in Canggu, The Farm Hostel is a must-stay destination in Bali and rates start at $36 per night. 

5. Rosemary Hostel - Florianópolis, Brazil

Praia Mole, Florianopolis, SC, Brasil. Papa Pic from Eldorado, Argentina. CC0

Rosemary Hostel in Florianopolis, Brazil, offers a unique and empowering experience for travelers. Located just a minute’s walk from Trilha Da Galheta and a short distance from Praia da Barra da Lagoa, this hostel provides an ideal setting for reconnecting with nature. With eight rooms featuring climate control, private balconies and mini fridges, guests can enjoy a comfortable and convenient stay. The hostel is well-connected to local attractions, including the Open Sea Turtle Museum and Barra da Lagoa Natural Pools. Guests can savor South American cuisine at the nearby Restaurante Maria & Maria or explore the vibrant Praia Barra da Lagoa district. Rosemary Hostel is designed to challenge both body and mind, offering exceptional accommodation, healthy meals and inspiring activities. Whether you’re looking to relax or embark on an adventure, Rosemary Hostel promises a memorable stay with its international family, the Dream Team. The Rosemary Hostel’s nightly rates begin at $33, and there are several different types of accommodation. 

6. ITH Beach Bungalow Surf Hostel - San Diego, CA, USA

Surfing in San Diego, California. Bengt Nyman. CC BY 2.0 

ITH Beach Bungalow Surf Hostel in San Diego offers an unparalleled experience right on the boardwalk overlooking the ocean in Pacific Beach. Known for its cozy beds, beachfront facilities, and friendly hosts passionate about showcasing local culture, this hostel invites guests to bring their beach clothes and flip-flops and immerse themselves in the surf lifestyle. The hostel emphasizes sustainable lodging, cultural contact and providing a unique hosted experience. Guests can enjoy oceanfront accommodations just 1.9 miles from Belmont Amusement Park, with amenities including BBQ facilities, a garden and a shared lounge. A daily free continental breakfast is provided, featuring bread, fruit, cereal, oatmeal and coffee. The hostel also offers a 24-hour front desk, indoor lounge with workstations and table tennis. With several room options, including female-only, coed dorms, and private rooms, all with ensuite bathrooms, ITH Beach Bungalow Surf Hostel ensures a comfortable stay. The large private outdoor deck is perfect for socializing, checking out the waves and soaking up the sunshine. Hosted social events, surfboard, wetsuit and bike rentals, as well as partnerships with top-rated wellness and yoga studios, make this hostel a legendary spot for travelers since the 1980s. Whether you’re surfing, relaxing or exploring, ITH Beach Bungalow Surf Hostel promises a social, friendly, and fun atmosphere with rates starting at $49 a night

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Julz Vargas

Julz is a student at Wellesley College studying Anthropology and Spanish. She grew up in Los Angeles, CA, and has studied all around the world in places such as Costa Rica, Greece, Iceland, and Spain. She is passionate about employing writing as a tool to explore human connection and diversity. Julz aspires to foster cross-cultural connections through community-based research, amplifying inclusive and diverse media about global cultures, foods, and people, to encourage individuals to engage more wholly with the world.

Matcha's Roots: The Legacy of Japan's First Tea Tree

Explore Shofuku-ji, Japan’s oldest Zen temple, where the legacy of the first tea tree still thrives.

Shofuku-ji Temple. N yotarou. CC BY-SA 4.0

At the end of an unassuming street in Fukuoka, Japan stands the Shofuku-ji Temple. Its ancient grounds are a testament to centuries of cultural and spiritual history, particularly to the evolution of matcha, Japan’s iconic powdered green tea. Matcha is made from specially grown and processed tea leaves. The process begins with shading the tea plants several weeks before harvest to boost chlorophyll levels, resulting in its vibrant green color. The leaves are then carefully picked, steamed to stop oxidation, dried, and ground into a fine powder using traditional stone mills. Matcha's popularity outside Japan, especially in the U.S., experienced a surge in the early 21st century due to a growing interest in health and wellness globally. Its high antioxidant content, culinary versatility, and cultural appeal contributed to its widespread adoption in cafés and homes worldwide. 

Shofuku-ji Temple was founded in 1195 CE by the Buddhist priest Myōan Eisai, who is often credited with introducing Zen Buddhism to Japan. However, Eisai’s cultural influence extends beyond religion. Chinese legend dates the invention of tea to around 2737 BCE in ancient China. From China, the beverage was brought to Japan by a mission of monks, including Eisai, returning from a pilgrimage in 1191 CE. Upon arriving in Japan, Eisai cultivated the tea seeds in the Iwakamibo gardens of Ryozen-ji Temple, Saga. 

Shofuku-ji Temple Pond. Mark Pegrum. CC BY 2.0

These seeds, which produced the first tea plants in Japan, became the foundation of what is now known as matcha. The plant that stands at Shōouku-ji today, often referred to as "Japan’s First Tea Tree," is a direct descendant of those original plants, a living monument to the history of Japanese tea culture.

When Eisai brought the tea seeds to Japan, he was not merely bringing a new beverage, he was introducing a practice that would become integral to the Zen way of life. The preparation and consumption of matcha evolved into a ritualized practice that aligned perfectly with the principles of mindfulness and presence central to Zen. 

Buddha Statue. David McKelvey. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Referred to as “the way of tea,” the preparation of tea developed into an exercise of Zen devotion that honored the beauty which can be discovered in an otherwise flawed world. Author and tea expert Solala Towler has said: “It is a ceremony that takes the simple art of drinking tea to a sacred level, where the host and the guests share a moment of worship of the simple art of preparing and drinking of tea together, elevating them to a level of purity and refinement.”

The Jizōdō at Shōfuku-ji. MomoyamaResearch. CC BY-SA 4.0

The word matcha comes from the Japanese verb “matsu”, (to rub or to daub) and “cha” , (tea). In its early form, matcha was consumed as a medicinal drink. Eisai himself wrote about the health properties of tea in his book “Kissa Yojoki” (“Drinking Tea for Health”), where he extolled the virtues of tea for both body and mind. 

Eisai believed that tea could cure physical ailments and enhance mental clarity and spiritual well-being, making it an ideal companion for Zen meditation. He realized that drinking matcha improved his meditation sessions by producing a state of calm alertness, likely a product of the cognition-boosting interaction between matcha’s caffeine and L-theanine. Caffeine, a natural stimulant, provides an energy boost. However, caffeine alone can sometimes lead to jitters, increased heart rate, or anxiety. L-theanine, an amino acid found in tea leaves, counters this with its calming effect on the brain. It promotes the production of alpha waves, which are associated with a relaxed yet alert mental state.When consumed together in matcha, caffeine and L-theanine synergize to create a balanced effect. 

Shofuku-ji Temple. David McKelvey. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

For centuries, the practice continued to spread throughout Japan, dispersing throughout all levels of society. Today, the matcha tea ceremony provides an opportunity for intellectual exchange, the sharing of knowledge and the continuity of tradition.

As was written in a collection of essays entitled “The Book of Tea” by Okakura Kakuzo, one of the first Japanese to advocate for the art of tea drinking, “Those who cannot feel the littleness of great things in themselves are apt to overlook the greatness of little things in others,” a sentiment that ties humility in oneself to the appreciation of others and their work, tea among them. 

A Sanmon at Shofuku-ji Temple. STA3816. CC BY-SA 3.0

Today, Shofuku-ji Temple remains a serene sanctuary where visitors can connect with the historical and spiritual origins of matcha. The temple grounds, with their carefully maintained gardens and ancient structures (including a Buddhist temple, a kitchen, a Zen hall, a bell tower, a sun and moon garden, a records hall, and more) provide a peaceful setting for reflection upon the past. Visitors can appreciate the tea plant, a living link to Japan’s first tea plants, and the enduring legacy of Eisai’s contributions to Japanese culture. 

Generally, Shofukuji Temple is not open to the public. If you are visiting as a group, you must apply one month in advance and receive permission from the temple, even if you just wish to tour the grounds. The application and a guide to the grounds can be found on the temple’s website. The temple is a nationally designated historic site that protects cultural assets and the continuation of the Zen tradition, so visitors are asked to proceed quietly and with care. Visitors may also be asked for a contribution to help protect and restore cultural properties. Applications received less than one month in advance will not be accepted.

GETTING THERE

Shofukuji Temple can be reached in a short walk from Gion Station and a 15-20 minute walk from Hakata Station in Fukuoka. Fukuoka is the sixth largest city in Japan and offers a variety of hotels and transportation methods for visitors.

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Rebecca Pictairn

Rebecca studies Italian Language and Literature, Classical Civilizations, and English Writing at the University of Pittsburgh. She hopes to one day attain a PhD in Classical Archeology. She is passionate about feminism and climate justice. She enjoys reading, playing the lyre, and longboarding in her free time. 

Land of Legends: Experience Romania’s Rich Medieval History

The country of Romania is a diorama of hundreds of years of human history.

Bucharest’s skyline. seisdeagosto. CC BY-SA 2.0

Romania’s incredibly rich history is still preserved to this day in the form of beautiful architecture. Medieval castles and communist palaces rub elbows in the beautiful landscape, standing side by side to create a fascinating timeline of human history.

A feat of medieval architecture, the legendary Bran Fortress is seated in the heart of the Transylvania region. Although it is known outside of Romania as “Dracula’s Castle,” there is no direct relation between the actual castle and the famous novel by Bram Stoker. The site’s only vampiric influence is a tangential relation to Vlad the Impaler, a historical monarch who had little connection to the supernatural outside of literary and popular imagination.

The Bran Fortress is a striking example of Saxon architecture. Built in 1377, the palace is now used as a museum displaying the furniture and art collection of Queen Marie, the last queen of Romania, who ruled from 1914 to 1927. The collection is open to visitors and provides guided tours of the historical pieces. Below the palace is a recreation of Romanian peasant life, featuring reconstructed barns, water-powered machinery and cottages.

A view of Bran Fortress. Clay Gilliland, CC SA 2.0

An even more ancient —yet surprisingly modern—relic hidden in the heart of Romania is the Salina Turda, a salt mine dating all the way back to 1075. Founded by the Roman occupants of Transylvania, the mine continued to produce table salt for centuries before finally closing its doors in 1932. Years later, in 2010, the massive series of caverns was reopened as a tourist destination and historical site. In addition, the Theresa Mine houses a beautiful underground lake a full 400 feet below ground.

The modern Salina Turda Salt Mine. Valentin Cocarlea, CC BY-SA 4.0

Jumping ahead roughly a century, the city of Brasov is home to the 14th-century Biserica Neagra, or the Black Church. This beautiful Gothic cathedral was nearly destroyed by a fire in the 1680s and took nearly a century to fully repair. The church got its name from the ruined, soot-covered walls which remained after the blaze. Today, the Church is open to visitors and still holds weekly concerts with its massive, 4,000-pipe organ.

Biserica Neagra, the Black Church. Gaspar Ros. CC BY-SA 3.0

A palace of the modern era, the Palace of Parliament stands in the capital city of Bucharest. Constructed in the 1980s, this palace was planned and built by the communist regime of Romania in the midst of the Cold War. Since the ousting of the Communist Party, the palace has become the home of the Romanian legislature. The Palace of Parliament is an incredible combination of architectural styles, creating a uniquely beautiful building with as much form as function.

The Romanian Palace of Parliament. Jorge Franganillo. CC BY-SA 2.0Romania is one of the best examples of a living museum. From the Middle Ages to the Cold War, whole centuries are represented in art, architecture and sometimes the land itself. For the historically driven tourist, Romania is a destination that can’t be matched anywhere else.

The best time to visit Romania is between May and September when the weather is warmest. The capital city of Bucharest offers a variety of hotel bookings ranging from $100 to $200 per night. More affordable options include rental apartments around the city from $30 to $40 per night.

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Ryan Livingston

Ryan is a senior at The College of New Jersey, majoring in English and minoring in marketing. Since a young age, Ryan has been passionate about human rights and environmental action and uses his writing to educate wherever he can. He hopes to pursue a career in professional writing and spread his message even further.

Nanjie: A Living Memory of Maoist China

In the small Chinese village of Nanjie, residents live in a time capsule of the Cultural Revolution.

The East is Red Square. Nicolas Oddo. CC BY-ND 2.0

While China’s Cultural Revolution officially ended in 1976 with the death of  Chairman Mao Zedong, the more than 3,000 residents of Nanjie, in Central China’s Henan province, continue to live by the principles of Maoism. While the village is reportedly one of China’s wealthiest, having grown its economy by nearly 2,000 fold in just ten years, workers in the village’s factory have agreed to accept a monthly salary of only about $400. In the 1980s, when the rest of China was opening up to the capitalist market, Nanjie chose to revert to the system of collective ownership taught by Mao.

Nanjie Commune Gate. Gary Lee Todd. CC0 1.0

Nanjie is small, comprising about two dozen factories and several main streets. Mao Zedong’s face is displayed all over the village in the form of billboards, posters and framed portraits. A giant statue of the Cultural Revolution’s late leader can be found in the middle of the town’s main square, the “East is Red” Square. On each side of the looming statue are portraits of four other famous communists: Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin. North of the square stands the traditional-style Chaoyang Gate, decorated with a portrait of Sun Yat-sen.

In the square, a speech from Mao is played on a perpetual loop. New party members take their oaths in the square. On National Day, all couples in the village get married in a single collective ceremony and bow to the statue of Chairman Mao. As a wedding gift, they receive copies of Mao’s “Little Red Book.”

Nanjie Commune. Gary Lee Todd. CC0 1.0

The village's economy is dominated by collective ownership and management of all production and rationing supplies like coal, cooking oil, candy and even cigarettes. Residents are awoken each morning by “Dongfang Hong” (“The East is Red”), the de facto anthem of the Cultural Revolution, playing over loudspeakers. While some residents have chosen to leave the village in pursuit of capitalist success, many prefer the commune lifestyle free from the stress of higher living costs and housing loans. 

Exterior of Nanjie Commune Apartments. Gary Lee Todd. CC0

Interior of Nanjie Commune Apartment. Gary Lee Todd. CC0 1.0

Since the 90s, almost all village inhabitants have been living in collectively built apartments, with rent often funded by welfare. Every month, each resident receives vouchers of about $13 to cover the cost of food and groceries at the village’s commune-style supermarket. Locals also receive free healthcare and education.

Nanjie Commune Greenhouse. Gary Lee Todd. CC0

Nanjie even has a theme park dedicated to the history of the Chinese Communist Party, featuring re-creations of significant historical events and a $1.2 million greenhouse. The garden houses more than 500 flower species and 10,000 plants, as well as sculptures of animals like kangaroos and dinosaurs. Aside from the theme park and the greenhouse, the village also houses five parks, a zoo, a small artificial mountain set with bridges over a moat, a large swimming center and a grand mosque. While the village itself might be small, its historic, almost museum-like preservation, unique cultural heritage and the pride that locals take in their way of life make for a fascinating window into a bygone era.

GETTING THERE

Traveling to the collective is not difficult. From Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan province, buses (Y31; two hours) run south to Linying every hour between 6:40 am and 6:10 pm local time. From Linying it is a 1.2-mile walk south to Nanjie on the east side of the road. Taxi cabs are also available. Hotels are available in Nanjie and the surrounding areas.

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Rebecca Pitcairn

Rebecca studies Italian Language and Literature, Classical Civilizations, and English Writing at the University of Pittsburgh. She hopes to one day attain a PhD in Classical Archeology. She is passionate about feminism and climate justice. She enjoys reading, playing the lyre, and longboarding in her free time. 

Tunisia: Discover Ancient Rome in North Africa

Thousands of years later, Tunisia’s rich history as part of the Roman empire is still on display.

A view of Carthage Palace in Tunisia. Farah Jack Mustaklem. CC BY-SA 4.0

For many, the word “Rome” evokes images of the city in Italy. Its days as the center of one of the largest empires in history ended millennia ago, and today, popular culture has largely moved on, TikTok memes aside. But the Roman Empire was far bigger than many now imagine, stretching well into the modern-day Middle East and across North Africa. Today, the empire’s ruins remain visible in the furthest reaches of its territories.

Tunisia, for instance, is home to a wealth of ancient Roman history. Sitting on the edge of the Sahara Desert, the African nation has found fame with tourists who admire its gorgeous beaches. However, beyond the nation’s natural beauty and high-quality resort towns, Tunisia's territory was once at the very heart of the Roman empire in Africa. Ranging from the remains of villages to the shell of the great city of Carthage, ancient ruins dot the country’s landscape. Almost every major city features ancient Roman artwork, architecture and history. While Tunisia is gorgeous in its own right, the country possesses a richer history than almost anywhere else in the world.

The best-preserved example of Imperial Rome’s presence in Tunisia is El Jem. Estimated to have held up to 35,000 people at once, El Jem is not only the largest amphitheater in Africa but one of the largest in the world. Incredibly, the entire building is supported by stone arches, the edifice resting on a flat plain with no hills or rises for balance. The structure’s underground passages also remain largely intact, and tours are led daily through the entire grounds of the colosseum.

A panoramic view of El Jem. Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 4.0

Another incredible part of history hidden away just outside the Sahara is the ancient city of Sbeitla, home to some of the  best-preserved temples from the Byzantine Empire. Outside Sbeitla, visitors can also tour the ruins of Byzantine public baths, a Roman Forum that houses ancient temples to Minerva, Jupiter and Juno, and a series of Catholic basilicas.

The Roman Forum in Sbeitla. Dennis Jarvis. CC BY 2.0

In addition to its ancient history, Tunisia provides visitors with the unique opportunity to visit the Sahara Desert. Numerous tour companies offer frequent excursions into the desert on camelback. These tours range from day trips to two or more days of camping and bivouacking in traditional Bedouin style. These tours are a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to experience the lifestyle of the nomadic tribes local to Tunisia.

A camelback tour of the Sahara Desert. Vaida Tamošauskaitė. CC0

Despite all of the wonderful experiences that Tunisia presents, there are notable risks to visiting the country as a tourist. As of May 2024, the US Department of State issued a Level 2 travel advisory. This marker warns tourists to avoid certain areas due to increased terrorist activity in countries around Tunisia and the newly declared military zone south of the city of Remada. However, the majority of the country is still considered mostly safe to visit, with only select  locations listed at Level 4 or “do not travel.” Tourists should mind the precautions listed in the advisory.

Visitors to Tunisia may be advised to stay in the country’s capital Tunis, a central location which allows easy access to the majority of the destinations listed above. The city offers a variety of hotel options, with prices ranging from $100-300 a night. More affordable options include the Dar Ya hostel in Tunis (priced at around $40 per night) and rentable apartments (from around $35 a night) located just outside the main city.

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Ryan Livingston

Ryan is a senior at The College of New Jersey, majoring in English and minoring in marketing. Since a young age, Ryan has been passionate about human rights and environmental action and uses his writing to educate wherever he can. He hopes to pursue a career in professional writing and spread his message even further.

Is Climbing Everest Ethical? Why the World’s Highest Peak is in Danger

Pollution and overcrowding are making it increasingly controversial to climb the world's highest summit.

Tourists photographing Everest. Peter West Carey. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0

Mount Everest, the tallest peak in the world, attracts thousands of mountaineering tourists each year. Each of these travelers takes on significant personal risk, however, as climbers ascend the mountain its limited oxygen and the cold can lead to life-threatening conditions including frostbite, exhaustion and altitude sickness. Although approximately 4,000 people have successfully reached the top, Mount Everest continues to claim victims. The death toll varies annually; eighteen climbers died on the mountain in 2023 alone. Over the last century, more than 330 people have died on Everest. Not only is climbing Everest dangerous, but it has also become the subject of an increasingly controversial debate. A surge in climbers has led to overcrowding and significant pollution, with tons of waste left behind each season.

Climbing Everest has become more accessible in recent years, with 90% of climbers now participating in guided tours. These tours, often guided by members of the local ethnic Sherpa population, allow tourists without professional climbing experience to ascend Everest. The two most popular routes, the Northeast Ridge and the Southeast Ridge, are now notoriously crowded during climbing season in April and May. 

Climbing Everest is costly. An $11,000 permit is required from the government, and total expenses typically range from $30,000 to $100,000. Despite the high costs, the revenue generated from this tourism does not substantially benefit the local community. The Nepalese government claims that Sherpa guides may earn around $6,000 per trip, cooks $2,500, and lead Sherpa guides up to $10,000. However, many believe that the Sherpa mountaineers are underpaid relative to the risks they undertake. Efforts are also underway to mitigate the environmental impact of Everest expeditions. Climbers are now required to pay a $4,000 deposit, which is refunded upon their return if they collect eighteen pounds of garbage. The economic debate surrounding Everest is nuanced. Though some argue that the Nepalese government should limit how many people can climb Everest yearly, the country relies significantly on Everest tourism for economic income.

Government officials assembled at Everest. Mark Horrell. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

Everest has been dubbed “the world’s largest rubbish dump” due to the substantial waste accumulated over the decades. The Himalayan mountains are ecologically sensitive, and while the exact amount is unclear, thousands of tons of waste have been discarded on Everest. The mountain has also become a macabre resting place for deceased climbers. Roughly 200 bodies, many belonging to native Sherpa guides who died on the mountain, still remain on the path, and mountaineers must walk over them to reach the summit.

Get Involved:

Mount Everest Biogas Project aims to eliminate human waste at Everest, as well as convert waste into renewable energy (methane), which can be used to power local communities. Learn more about their work and donate here.

The Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee (SPCC),founded by the local Sherpa people, aims to manage waste in the Khumbu Region. Learn more about their work here.

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Agnes Moser Volland

Agnes is a student at UC Berkeley majoring in Interdisciplinary Studies and minoring in Creative Writing, with a research focus on road trip culture in America. She currently writes for BARE Magazine and Caravan Travel & Style Magazine. She is working on a novel that follows two sisters as they road trip down Highway 40, from California to Oklahoma. In the future, she hopes to pursue a career in journalism, publishing, or research.

4 of UNESCO’s Newly Named World Heritage Sites

Take a closer look at four of UNESCO's most important new World Heritage Sites.

UNESCO building in Paris, France. Fred Romero. CC BY 2.0

The role of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is to contribute to peace and development around the world, a goal it has embraced through the establishment of numerous World Heritage sites. Located across the globe, these prestigious locations are hand-picked by the agency to retain their immense natural and/or cultural significance. Popular World Heritage sites include the Taj Mahal, the Great Barrier Reef, the Great Pyramid of Giza and the Serengeti National Park. Spanning across 168 countries, there are currently 1223 properties marked as UNESCO World Heritage sites. In alignment with the 1972 World Heritage Convention, UNESCO continues to hold annual meetings to decide what new locations they will adopt to their list. According to UNESCO, the Convention unites the importance of, “nature conservation and the preservation of cultural properties.” The World Heritage Committee’s selection process is centered around a set of policies referred to as the “Five C’s”: credibility, conservation, capacity-building, communication and communities. It is through the analysis of these characteristics that UNESCO establishes a yearly list of exceptional locations worthy of preservation for the continual appreciation of humanity. This year, the 46th session of the World Heritage Committee took place in New Delhi, India during the week of July 21. The session was live-streamed and recorded, providing full transparency to the public on the Committee’s decision to name 24 new World Heritage sites. Below is a closer look at a few of this year’s additions.

Nelson Mandela Legacy Sites, South Africa

Robben Island. South African Tourism. CC BY 2.0

Representing the “legacy of the South African struggle for human rights, liberation, and reconciliation”, the Nelson Mandela Legacy Sites were recently inducted into UNESCO’s list.  The Legacy Sites are broken into 14 parts, each place with a special significance. For example, the Sharpeville sites commemorate the massacre of 69 protestors of the Pass Laws which restricted the free movement of Black South Africans in 1952. Other spots include the Mqhekezweni Great Place and the Union Buildings in Pretoria, now the official location of South Africa’s government. 

Nelson Mandela Museum in Soweto, South African Tourism, CC By 2.0

Spanning across South Africa, visitors can visit anywhere from one to all fourteen sites. With an entry fee of about $9 per adult, the Apartheid Museum features interactive exhibits and personal stories detailing South Africa’s history. Robben Island, where Mandela was imprisoned for 18 years, offers guided water tours at $22 per person.

Charaideo Maidams, India

Charaideo Maidam. Mozzworld. CC BY-SA 4.0

Created by the Ahoms, an ethnic group in Northern India that once possessed its own indigenous kingdom, “maidams” are large mounds built atop graves. Constructed over a “hollow vault” of earth, these “mounded burial grounds” served as burial grounds for Ahom royalty. This year, Assam’s Charaideo Maidam, a royal burial complex of approximately 90 maidams established over a period of 600 years, was recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Spokespeople from the World Heritage Committee’s advisory board ICOMOS proclaimed that, “The [maidams] are an exceptional example of an Ahom necropolis that represents funeral traditions and associated beliefs in a tangible way.” In addition to royals and significant members of Ahom society, maidams may also contain food, horses, elephants, and sometimes the bodies of queens and servants.

Group of four smaller maidams, Dhruba Jyoti Deka, CC BY-SA 3.0

The Charaideo Maidams’ visiting hours are between 9:30 AM to 5:00 PM. According to the Directorate of Archaeology in the Government of Assam, a full tour of the site takes approximately two and half hours. Visitors can purchase entry tickets online ahead of time or on-site for about $3. With public transportation, the Charaideo Maidams is  approximately an hour away from Sivasagar, the closest major city.

Badain Jaran Desert, China

Badain Jaran Desert. Rita Willaert. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

The Badain Jaran Desert can be found in the Alashan Plateau of northwestern China’s desert region. According to UNESCO, “the property stands out with its high density of mega-dunes, intersected with interdunal lakes.” The site’s unique geologic features, “include the world’s tallest, stabilized sand mega-dune (relative relief of 460 meters)’ and the largest expanse of “singing sands” (so-called due to resonance caused by wind moving dry and loose sand). China Discovery classifies the unique terrain of the desert into “five wonders”: the sandy peaks, singing dunes, colorful lakes, clear springs and an ancient temple. At just over 30,000 square miles, the site is the third largest desert in China. 

Dunes in Badain Jaran Desert.. Zhoarby. CC BY-SA 3.0

The desert can only be accessed by jeep, with the Zhangye Travel Guide warning travelers of the local agency's monopoly on desert travel The desert features specific tourist attractions, including the Pearl Lake of the Badain Jaran Desert, the Yinderitu (A Magic Spring) and Bilutu Dune, the world’s highest sand dune. The starting fee for entrance into the Badain Jaran Desert is about $30 and $11 for the Badain Lake, not accounting for additional fees for accommodation and guided desert tours.

Flow Country, United Kingdom

View of peatlands in the Flow Country. Andrew Tryon. CC BY-SA 2.0

The first peatlands to be recognized as a World Heritage Site, the Flow Country in Scotland is a massive bog storing about 400 million tons of carbon. A “globally rare” habitat, the Flow Country is immensely environmentally significant. In the Flow Country, carbon is trapped and stored in dead vegetation, preventing it from being released into the atmosphere and causing further environmental harm. Professor Mike Robinsons on the Culture at United Kingdom National Commission for UNESCO highlighted the importance of the site’s environmental impact in its official naming: “World Heritage status recognises the global importance of the Flow Country and its peat bogs, not only as important ecosystem for wildlife, but also through their carbon storage, as a critical defense against the impact of climate change.” 

Closer view of a peat pool. Steve Neal. CC BY-SA 2.0

In the Flow Country, there are numerous experiences for interested visitors. The Forsinard Flows Visitor Center features exhibitions and educational films about the area. Nearby the center is the Lochan Dub Trail, a one-mile loop weaving through peat pools and sections of the blanket bog. A longer trail option would be the Forsinain Trail four miles north of the Forsinard train station. For those hoping for a less outdoorsy visit, the Far North Railway Line travels through the Flow Country as well.

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Aanya Panyadahundi

Aanya Panyadahundi Aanya is a student at the University of Michigan studying sociology and journalism on a pre-law path. She loves to travel the world whenever she can, always eager to learn more about the different cultures and societies around her. In her free time, she likes to play the violin, ski, and listen to podcasts.

Zambian Women Fight Poaching with Jewelry

Mulberry Mongoose, a Zambian woman-run jewelry shop, turns poaching snares into art. 

South Luangwa National Park. Thomas Fuhrmann. CC BY-SA 4.0

Located just 15 minutes from the South Luangwa National Park's main gate in Zambia, Mulberry Mongoose is not just a jewelry brand; it's a movement of conservation, empowerment and creativity. The enterprise's business model is to transform poachers' snare wires into intricate jewelry. The workshop team is composed of 80% women and 100% locals born and raised in Zambia, and has become famous for its innovative methods of production. So far the company has raised over $150,000 for conservation. The story of Mulberry Mongoose is a testament to the power of turning adversity into art, with the motto of "creating beauty from brutality." 

Original Snare Necklace. Courtesy of Mulberry Mongoose.

The shop was founded by the English entrepreneur Kate Wilson, who married Dave, a native of Zimbabwe. Before meeting her husband she had never stepped foot on African soil, but given his passion for the African bush, she ended up moving with him to South Luangwa. It was there that she realized her perspective of Africa was fundamentally flawed. Inspired by her own Zambia journey of self-actualization and realization, she decided to set up an ethical craft business that reflected her core values of growth, discipline, care, transparency and joyful bravery. 

South Luangwa National Park is famed for its wildlife, having one of the highest concentrations of leopards in Africa. Like many parks in Africa, it struggles to protect its wildlife against poachers. Snare traps are an especially brutal method of hunting used by illegal wildlife poachers. They are the biggest killer of iconic wildlife in Southern Africa, killing tens of thousands of animals each year, including elephants, lions, leopards, giraffes and wild dogs. The traps are set by areas of high wildlife movement such as watering holes to catch antelopes, which are consumed by locals mainly for purpose of selling it on the illegal bushmeat trade. Unfortunately, snare traps are dreadful tools of destruction, they also do not discriminate, and often other animals can trigger the snare, leading to a slow and painful death by strangulation, dislocation, or near decapitation Without veterinary intervention, the animals are certain to perish.

Snare wire traps are collected by rangers and stored in containers across the continent. Mulberry Mongoose has been granted special permission to access the containers. Its team carefully extracts, untangles and cuts the wire into strips, which are then transformed into the materials they use to create their signature jewelry, a process requiring incredible strength and precision. This transformation not only prevents the wires from causing further harm but also turns them into symbols of hope and resilience.

Snare Chain Necklace with White Pearl. Courtesy of Mulberry Mongoose. 

The team worked with a Mfuwe carpenter to train the shop’s female artisans to work with the difficult materials. Grace Mwanza, one of the artisans, told National Geographic how the skills she learned at her job enabled her to build her own house. “The process requires incredible strength,” said Kate Wilson, the business’ founder. “We course through nearly 5 steel drill bits per week!” 

The project supports conservation efforts as well as local communities. Mulberry Mongoose gift bags are made with colorful chitenge material bought from businesswomen and turned into beautiful gift pouches by Mfuwe tailors. Its artisans use unique materials bought from local entrepreneurs, such as hand-carved wooden beads, seeds, vintage coins, and farmers’ feathers to ensure that their designs are authentically African and benefit their rural communities, while also showcasing the unique beauty of the African bush and the dexterity and ingenuity of African artisans. A portion of the proceeds from their jewelry sales go to NGOs dedicated to protecting wildlife and supporting rangers. The shop has removed 27,000 snare traps from circulation and transformed over 164,000 feet of snare wire into works of art.

Rhino Conservation Snare & Vegetable Ivory Bracelet. Courtesy of Mulberry Mongoose.

The Mulberry Mongoose team is renowned for its passion and hospitality. You can drop into their "Shop Less Ordinary: between 7:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. any day of the week. Visitors will receive a warm welcome and a free guided tour of the team's purpose-built workshop and learn their story of conservation, female empowerment, rural African employment and ingenuity. You can even try coiling or hammering poachers’ snare wire yourself! Their shop is a beautiful space with an extraordinary variety of designs, worn by the likes of supermodel Doutzen Kroes, businessman Richard Branson, former president Bill Clinton, and former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

“On a typical day, a package will leave our shop for the Mfuwe airport, where the truck drives by a watering hole for hippopotamus and a natural basin where giraffes and elephants meet,” said Wilson. “It may take a bit longer to receive our jewelry, but I want to take people on the journey of why we do what we do—to conserve the species of this pristine wilderness we call home.”

TO GET INVOLVED

Mulberry Mongoose: Visit the website to learn more about Mulberry Mongoose’s team and story and to shop online. If you are lucky enough to travel to the South Luangwa you can visit the shop itself to learn firsthand from the passionate members. Their site also includes an online shop, with the proceeds benefiting the local community and conservation efforts. They ship orders from their remote workshop anywhere in the world in under 14 days. They also stock ethical retail businesses including conservation shops and safari boutiques. Last you can follow them on Instagram or Facebook as Mulberry Mongoose.

Conservation South Luangwa: This organization’s mission is to work with community and conservation partners in the protection of the wildlife and habitats of the South Luangwa ecosystem. Their goal is to ensure the long-term survival of wildlife and habitats in South Luangwa under the custodianship of the Zambian people. Their site includes information about getting involved and donating.

Zambian Carnivore Programme: This organization seeks to conserve Zambia’s large carnivores and the ecosystems they reside in through science, action and strengthening local leadership. ZCP hopes to create restored and thriving ecosystems that are collaboratively conserved by local communities, scientists and policy-makers through evidence-based approaches. Its website includes information about getting involved and donating.

Conservation Lower Zambezi: Conservation Lower Zambezi is an NGO committed to the conservation of wildlife and the environment in Lower Zambezi, Zambia, and was founded in 1994 to provide support to the Department of National Parks and Wildlife and help it fulfill its mandate to mitigate threats to wildlife from poaching in the region. The organization's website has information about getting involved and donating.

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Rebecca Pitcairn

Rebecca studies Italian Language and Literature, Classical Civilizations, and English Writing at the University of Pittsburgh. She hopes to one day attain a PhD in Classical Archeology. She is passionate about feminism and climate justice. She enjoys reading, playing the lyre, and longboarding in her free time. 

Hot Spots: 6 Volcanic Adventures Around the Globe

Volcanoes are spectacular natural phenomena, drawing millions of adventurers from far and wide hoping to catch a glimpse of their awesome power.

Lava flowing from a volcano in Iceland. Global Panorama. CC BY-SA 2.0

Volcanic destinations around the world have drawn visitors for centuries, and despite the risks, volcanic tourism has been on the rise since the COVID-19 pandemic. While destinations like Hawaii, Iceland and Italy often take center stage in discussions of volcanic tourism, there are many more incredible destinations around the world.

1. Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica

Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica. smilla4. CC BY-NC 2.0

The Arenal Volcano towers over the northern lowlands of Costa Rica, offering incredible sights and activities to travelers. Until 2010, the Arenal Volcano was a destination for thrill-seekers hoping to witness eruptions and lava flow, although it has since fallen into a resting phase. 

While the recent dormancy has been disappointing for visitors hoping to see lava, the Arenal Volcano continues to present engaging activities and spectacular views. While visiting the area, adventurers can hike, relax in the hot springs, and spend time along the numerous lakes and rivers.

2. Mount Batur, Indonesia

Mount Batur, Indonesia. _paVan_. CC BY 2.0

In Bali's Kintamani province stands Mount Batur, an active volcano renowned for hiking activities. In order to hike Mount Batur, travelers are strongly advised to hire a tour guide through the official Association Of Mount Batur Trekking Guides. The trip from the base to the summit can take one to two hours.

Sunrise is the most popular time to hike Mount Batur. As visitors gather on the summit to soak up the sunrise, vendors can be found using volcanic steam to boil eggs and cook noodles for hungry travelers. Along the road from Mount Batur to the Batur Caldera Lake, adventurers can visit the Ulun Danu Batur temple and several hot springs.

3. Mount Etna, Italy

Mount Etna, Italy. Naval S. CC BY-NC 2.0

As one of the world’s tallest and most active volcanoes and the tallest volcano in Europe, Mount Etna has long been a hot spot for travelers visiting Sicily. Mount Etna first erupted 570,000 years ago, making it a gem for geological historians and interested travelers alike.

Travelers can find guided tours that depart from several locations including Taormina, Catania and Messina. After arriving at Mount Etna, tours begin with a cable car ride that reaches almost ten thousand feet. From there, travelers can choose to proceed in a tour by car or on foot. For hikers, the recommended time to visit is March through September.

4. Piton de la Fournaise, Reunion Island, France 

Piton de la Fournaise, France. Flickr @BOENE75. CC BY-SA 2.0

Located on Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean, the Piton de la Fournaise is an iconic volcano and Reunion’s most popular attraction. Despite its status as an active volcano, the Piton de la Fournaise is open to everyone regardless of age and draws about 400,000 visitors every year.

Travelers can venture from the coast to the summit on foot or by car, and there are even lava tunnels open for exploration. During a three-and-a-half-hour tour of the lava tunnels, travelers can witness the halls and galleries created by a lava flow in 2004. To learn about the science and history of Piton de la Fournaise, travelers can also visit the Cite du Volcan Museum. 

5. Stromboli, Italy

Stromboli Village, Italy. Johannes Zielcke. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

One of seven volcanic islands in the Aeolian Archipelago north of Sicily, Stromboli is home to one of the most active volcanoes in the world. The volcano, which locals call Iddu, has left on-lookers in awe for thousands of years. Stromboli is full of breathtaking contrasts, from the white houses surrounded by black sand beaches to the lava against the night sky.

Travelers can take guided tours by boat or on foot. Booking a guided tour is essential considering Stromboli is very active and involves risk. Despite the active status of the volcano, hundreds of visitors are drawn to view the lava glow during sunset. 

6. Thrihnukagigur Volcano, Iceland 

Inside the Thrihnukagigur Volcano lava chamber. Miki Jourdan. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

At the Thrihnukagigur Volcano in Iceland, adventurous travelers can visit the only accessible lava chamber on the planet. Translated to “Three Peaks Crater”, Thrihnukagigur is a low-risk destination that has been dormant for over 4,000 years. The three peaks of Thrihnukagigur formed from three separate eruptions thousands of years ago. 

The crater of the Thrihnukagigur Volcano is so deep the Statue of Liberty could fit inside. The bottom of the crater dates back to 30 to 40 thousand years ago, approximately the beginning of modern humankind. Since the volcano went dormant, the lava chamber at the heart of the volcano emptied, allowing visitors to glimpse this rare geologic gem.

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Madison Paulus

Madison is a student at George Washington University studying international affairs, journalism, mass communication, and Arabic. Born and raised in Seattle, Washington, Madison grew up in a creative, open-minded environment. With passions for human rights and social justice, Madison uses her writing skills to educate and advocate. In the future, Madison hopes to pursue a career in science communication or travel journalism.

5 Must-Visit Speakeasies Across the Globe

Inspired by the American Prohibition era, speakeasies exist in the most unconventional places today.

Liquor raid by sheriff’s department circa 1925. Gleason W. Romer. CC0

Prohibition was a result of the 18th amendment of the U.S. Constitution in 1919, which stated that, “The manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited,” within a years time. The amendment marked a political move that brought dismay to many citizens. Daniel Okrent, author of "Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition," argues that, “Prohibition became the same sort of political football that people on either side would use trying to struggle to get it towards their goal, which was control of the country," with politicians using the ban and the controversies around it to push other agendas.

Although Prohibition was mainly an American phenomenon, many countries around the world have made, or are currently making, attempts to limit alcohol consumption. Currently, Nordic countries concerned with their citizens’ alcohol intake are resorting to alcohol monopolies, marketing bans and higher taxation to combat it. Japan also struggles with alcoholism, with 60% of alcoholics being businessmen that drink socially to help their careers. With alcohol consumption quadrupling in Japan since 1960, private treatment centers and halfway houses have been popping up to combat the issue.

One of the most recognizable institutions of the Prohibition era was the speakeasies. A speakeasy was a place where alcohol was illegally sold, usually underground or at least out of view due to the danger posed to workers, owners and patrons. Although the 18th amendment was repealed in 1933, speakeasies still exist throughout the United States and the world today. Listed below are five notable and currently operating speakeasies from various major cities.

Evans and Peel Detective Agency 

London, England

Bartop and Evans and Peel. Jan Mark Holzer. CC By 2.0.

Located in Chelsea, Evans and Peel is a detective-themed speakeasy. Appointments are booked through the company's website, which tells prospective visitors, “We’re Evans & Peel, a highly renowned Detective duo who operate from our hidden Agency in Chelsea, London. Go beyond our facade and discover our famous secret.” People are given the option to customize their experience, sending the detective agency information about the “case” they wish to consult on. To enter the bar, customers have to ring a buzzer to enter a fake detective’s office and stay in character, explaining that they have, “an appointment with the detective.” They are then guided down a staircase to consult with the detective. Emily Gray from "The Handbook"  recalls that, “The Agatha Christie fan that I am, I went into a long story about losing a very expensive earring that had been stolen from a jeweler in the 1920’s (apparently most people say they’ve just lost their cat).” Evans and Peel's drink menu is also outlaw themed, with most of its special cocktails based on some of the biggest real and fictional superstar criminals like Thomas “Tommy” Shelby, Bill McCoy and Al Capone. The "agency" claims to make the “World’s Best Old Fashioned.”

‘Al Capone’ themed drink on the menu. Evans and Peel.

Located at: 310c Earls Court Road, London, SW5 9BA, England

Bank Bar 

Manila, Philippines

Manila skyline at night. Thomas Yie. CC BY 2.0

In keeping with its name, the Bank Bar in Metro Manila's Bonifacio Global City has set up shop in the RBCB Savings Bank Corporate Center. A bouncer is waiting inside, next to a small door which opens into a fake stockroom that patrons walk through to enter the bar. Once in, there is a calming and luxurious ambiance. Erica Jahn notes in her review that, “The velvet sofa and candles on the marble table make the place attractive and intimate.” The bar advertises its own drinks drinks as including, “ Inventive cocktails and the widest selection of any bar in Manila” Although located in the Philippines, much of the bar's menu has an American theme. Bank Bar offers pasta, pizza, burgers, steaks, fried chicken and more American classics. The establishment is far from a simple American outpost, however, offering among other indigenous options Chicharon Bulaklak, a traditional Filipino appetizer and street food. Visitors are asked to call ahead and reserve their spots because space is limited and can fill up quickly.

Located at: 26th and 25th Street G/F RCBC Savings Bank Corporate Center, Taguig City, Luzon 1934, Philippines

Janai Coffee 

Tokyo, Japan

Interior of Janai Coffee. Junki Yoshida.

This Tokyo speakeasy takes on the guise of a traditional coffee bar, hidden behind a secret doorway only the barista knows how to access. At first glance, Janai's website sticks with the coffee theme, offering to-go cups, explaining seasonal coffee bean selection, all while subtly hinting that it might offer more: “We don’t just want to serve coffee. Forget about time. Stop measuring. Don’t compare yourself to others. Take time to relax and forget about your daily routine. A place where you can forget about your daily routine and enjoy coffee to your heart’s content without thinking about anything else.” There is a secret puzzle that has to be solved on their website before being able to make a reservation (a hint—look at the logo). The flipside states their mission as a speakeasy and adds that, “This bar has a wide selection of alcohol that the staff all tasted and selected together. Even if you are not an expert, even if the taste is difficult, you can enjoy Janai Coffee for some ‘just because’ reason such as the cute label or the interesting name.”

Espresso martini from Janai Coffee’s bar, Junki Yoshida.

Located at: 2-3-13 Ebisu, Shibuya, Tokyo, 150-0022

Moonshiner 

Paris, France

Bartop at Moonshiner, Fiamma Brighi. 

Continuing the theme of being hidden behind a conventional storefront, the Moonshiner’s entrance is through Da Vito, a small pizza parlor in Paris. The joint's website tells potential visitors, “Shhhh, listen up, music is filtering behind this wall … lower your voice, lighten your steps, and push the door to the cold room … we’ll see you on the other side!” To enter, guests walk into the pizza parlor and head directly to the steel door of a fake meat locker at the back. This speakeasy in particular tends to attract a younger crowd of twenty-to-thirty-year-olds, and a combination of travelers and locals. Their drinks range from classic cocktails like Old Fashioneds to more novel and creative options like “Money Time” or “Back to Basil.” As it is a small space, the bar tends to get very busy. Sara Lieberman from Conde Nast Traveler notes that, “Despite it looking like the type of place you want to sit and sip luxuriously, unless you get there early be prepared to stand and hover over those with seats until other bar-goers finally get up (IF they get up!).” Many bar goers are just stopping by for a drink while waiting for the pizza they ordered on the way in, with Liberman also explaining that, “Moonshiner and the pizza parlor out front—Da Vito—--are more or less one in the same, so if you’re hungry, put your name on the list when you arrive and head to the back for a drink while you wait.”

Old Fashioned at the Back Room. Fiamma Brighi.

Located at: 5 rue Sedaine, 75011, Paris, France.

The Back Room 

New York City, United States

The entrance to the Back Room, Troy Hahn.

Finally, located in the heart of the Big Apple, the Back Room is a speakeasy in New York that has been operating since the Prohibition era. Disguised as  the "Lower East Side Toy Company,"  the Back Room is hidden down a secret staircase in a narrow corridor. There are no clear indications to the entrance and a variety of staircases are involved before visitors find themselves at the door of the bar. In order to enter, a weekly password from the official Bank Room website is required. Once entered, the bartenders serve drinks in a traditional Prohibition-era style—cocktails are served in teacups and beers in brown paper bags, disguising their true contents. The Back Room was predated by Ratner’s Backroom, which was opened in 1908 in the same location. Owner Johnny Barounis has said that it used to be a popular meeting spot for many Jewish gangsters due to its convenient location, saying, “If somebody came in and was being double crossed or there was a hit going on, there were so many different ways out if you knew the space. You could [even] hop the roofs all the way to Rivington.” The general appearance of the Back Room is luxurious, straying away from the traditional rough appearance speakeasies had due to fear that cops would overturn the establishment at any given point. Barouis calls it, “My bastardized version of these old 1920s ballrooms fused with a speakeasy.” The decor incorporates 1920s cigarette dispensers, mutoscopes, chandeliers, hardwood floors and other period-accurate details. 

The Back Room’s luxurious decor, Troy Hahn.

Located at: 102 Norfolk Street, New York City, NY, 10002-3310

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Aanya Panyadahundi

Aanya Panyadahundi Aanya is a student at the University of Michigan studying sociology and journalism on a pre-law path. She loves to travel the world whenever she can, always eager to learn more about the different cultures and societies around her. In her free time, she likes to play the violin, ski, and listen to podcasts.