Matcha's Roots: The Legacy of Japan's First Tea Tree

Explore Shofuku-ji, Japan’s oldest Zen temple, where the legacy of the first tea tree still thrives.

Shofuku-ji Temple. N yotarou. CC BY-SA 4.0

At the end of an unassuming street in Fukuoka, Japan stands the Shofuku-ji Temple. Its ancient grounds are a testament to centuries of cultural and spiritual history, particularly to the evolution of matcha, Japan’s iconic powdered green tea. Matcha is made from specially grown and processed tea leaves. The process begins with shading the tea plants several weeks before harvest to boost chlorophyll levels, resulting in its vibrant green color. The leaves are then carefully picked, steamed to stop oxidation, dried, and ground into a fine powder using traditional stone mills. Matcha's popularity outside Japan, especially in the U.S., experienced a surge in the early 21st century due to a growing interest in health and wellness globally. Its high antioxidant content, culinary versatility, and cultural appeal contributed to its widespread adoption in cafés and homes worldwide. 

Shofuku-ji Temple was founded in 1195 CE by the Buddhist priest Myōan Eisai, who is often credited with introducing Zen Buddhism to Japan. However, Eisai’s cultural influence extends beyond religion. Chinese legend dates the invention of tea to around 2737 BCE in ancient China. From China, the beverage was brought to Japan by a mission of monks, including Eisai, returning from a pilgrimage in 1191 CE. Upon arriving in Japan, Eisai cultivated the tea seeds in the Iwakamibo gardens of Ryozen-ji Temple, Saga. 

Shofuku-ji Temple Pond. Mark Pegrum. CC BY 2.0

These seeds, which produced the first tea plants in Japan, became the foundation of what is now known as matcha. The plant that stands at Shōouku-ji today, often referred to as "Japan’s First Tea Tree," is a direct descendant of those original plants, a living monument to the history of Japanese tea culture.

When Eisai brought the tea seeds to Japan, he was not merely bringing a new beverage, he was introducing a practice that would become integral to the Zen way of life. The preparation and consumption of matcha evolved into a ritualized practice that aligned perfectly with the principles of mindfulness and presence central to Zen. 

Buddha Statue. David McKelvey. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Referred to as “the way of tea,” the preparation of tea developed into an exercise of Zen devotion that honored the beauty which can be discovered in an otherwise flawed world. Author and tea expert Solala Towler has said: “It is a ceremony that takes the simple art of drinking tea to a sacred level, where the host and the guests share a moment of worship of the simple art of preparing and drinking of tea together, elevating them to a level of purity and refinement.”

The Jizōdō at Shōfuku-ji. MomoyamaResearch. CC BY-SA 4.0

The word matcha comes from the Japanese verb “matsu”, (to rub or to daub) and “cha” , (tea). In its early form, matcha was consumed as a medicinal drink. Eisai himself wrote about the health properties of tea in his book “Kissa Yojoki” (“Drinking Tea for Health”), where he extolled the virtues of tea for both body and mind. 

Eisai believed that tea could cure physical ailments and enhance mental clarity and spiritual well-being, making it an ideal companion for Zen meditation. He realized that drinking matcha improved his meditation sessions by producing a state of calm alertness, likely a product of the cognition-boosting interaction between matcha’s caffeine and L-theanine. Caffeine, a natural stimulant, provides an energy boost. However, caffeine alone can sometimes lead to jitters, increased heart rate, or anxiety. L-theanine, an amino acid found in tea leaves, counters this with its calming effect on the brain. It promotes the production of alpha waves, which are associated with a relaxed yet alert mental state.When consumed together in matcha, caffeine and L-theanine synergize to create a balanced effect. 

Shofuku-ji Temple. David McKelvey. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

For centuries, the practice continued to spread throughout Japan, dispersing throughout all levels of society. Today, the matcha tea ceremony provides an opportunity for intellectual exchange, the sharing of knowledge and the continuity of tradition.

As was written in a collection of essays entitled “The Book of Tea” by Okakura Kakuzo, one of the first Japanese to advocate for the art of tea drinking, “Those who cannot feel the littleness of great things in themselves are apt to overlook the greatness of little things in others,” a sentiment that ties humility in oneself to the appreciation of others and their work, tea among them. 

A Sanmon at Shofuku-ji Temple. STA3816. CC BY-SA 3.0

Today, Shofuku-ji Temple remains a serene sanctuary where visitors can connect with the historical and spiritual origins of matcha. The temple grounds, with their carefully maintained gardens and ancient structures (including a Buddhist temple, a kitchen, a Zen hall, a bell tower, a sun and moon garden, a records hall, and more) provide a peaceful setting for reflection upon the past. Visitors can appreciate the tea plant, a living link to Japan’s first tea plants, and the enduring legacy of Eisai’s contributions to Japanese culture. 

Generally, Shofukuji Temple is not open to the public. If you are visiting as a group, you must apply one month in advance and receive permission from the temple, even if you just wish to tour the grounds. The application and a guide to the grounds can be found on the temple’s website. The temple is a nationally designated historic site that protects cultural assets and the continuation of the Zen tradition, so visitors are asked to proceed quietly and with care. Visitors may also be asked for a contribution to help protect and restore cultural properties. Applications received less than one month in advance will not be accepted.

GETTING THERE

Shofukuji Temple can be reached in a short walk from Gion Station and a 15-20 minute walk from Hakata Station in Fukuoka. Fukuoka is the sixth largest city in Japan and offers a variety of hotels and transportation methods for visitors.

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Rebecca Pictairn

Rebecca studies Italian Language and Literature, Classical Civilizations, and English Writing at the University of Pittsburgh. She hopes to one day attain a PhD in Classical Archeology. She is passionate about feminism and climate justice. She enjoys reading, playing the lyre, and longboarding in her free time. 

Land of Legends: Experience Romania’s Rich Medieval History

The country of Romania is a diorama of hundreds of years of human history.

Bucharest’s skyline. seisdeagosto. CC BY-SA 2.0

Romania’s incredibly rich history is still preserved to this day in the form of beautiful architecture. Medieval castles and communist palaces rub elbows in the beautiful landscape, standing side by side to create a fascinating timeline of human history.

A feat of medieval architecture, the legendary Bran Fortress is seated in the heart of the Transylvania region. Although it is known outside of Romania as “Dracula’s Castle,” there is no direct relation between the actual castle and the famous novel by Bram Stoker. The site’s only vampiric influence is a tangential relation to Vlad the Impaler, a historical monarch who had little connection to the supernatural outside of literary and popular imagination.

The Bran Fortress is a striking example of Saxon architecture. Built in 1377, the palace is now used as a museum displaying the furniture and art collection of Queen Marie, the last queen of Romania, who ruled from 1914 to 1927. The collection is open to visitors and provides guided tours of the historical pieces. Below the palace is a recreation of Romanian peasant life, featuring reconstructed barns, water-powered machinery and cottages.

A view of Bran Fortress. Clay Gilliland, CC SA 2.0

An even more ancient —yet surprisingly modern—relic hidden in the heart of Romania is the Salina Turda, a salt mine dating all the way back to 1075. Founded by the Roman occupants of Transylvania, the mine continued to produce table salt for centuries before finally closing its doors in 1932. Years later, in 2010, the massive series of caverns was reopened as a tourist destination and historical site. In addition, the Theresa Mine houses a beautiful underground lake a full 400 feet below ground.

The modern Salina Turda Salt Mine. Valentin Cocarlea, CC BY-SA 4.0

Jumping ahead roughly a century, the city of Brasov is home to the 14th-century Biserica Neagra, or the Black Church. This beautiful Gothic cathedral was nearly destroyed by a fire in the 1680s and took nearly a century to fully repair. The church got its name from the ruined, soot-covered walls which remained after the blaze. Today, the Church is open to visitors and still holds weekly concerts with its massive, 4,000-pipe organ.

Biserica Neagra, the Black Church. Gaspar Ros. CC BY-SA 3.0

A palace of the modern era, the Palace of Parliament stands in the capital city of Bucharest. Constructed in the 1980s, this palace was planned and built by the communist regime of Romania in the midst of the Cold War. Since the ousting of the Communist Party, the palace has become the home of the Romanian legislature. The Palace of Parliament is an incredible combination of architectural styles, creating a uniquely beautiful building with as much form as function.

The Romanian Palace of Parliament. Jorge Franganillo. CC BY-SA 2.0Romania is one of the best examples of a living museum. From the Middle Ages to the Cold War, whole centuries are represented in art, architecture and sometimes the land itself. For the historically driven tourist, Romania is a destination that can’t be matched anywhere else.

The best time to visit Romania is between May and September when the weather is warmest. The capital city of Bucharest offers a variety of hotel bookings ranging from $100 to $200 per night. More affordable options include rental apartments around the city from $30 to $40 per night.

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Ryan Livingston

Ryan is a senior at The College of New Jersey, majoring in English and minoring in marketing. Since a young age, Ryan has been passionate about human rights and environmental action and uses his writing to educate wherever he can. He hopes to pursue a career in professional writing and spread his message even further.

Nanjie: A Living Memory of Maoist China

In the small Chinese village of Nanjie, residents live in a time capsule of the Cultural Revolution.

The East is Red Square. Nicolas Oddo. CC BY-ND 2.0

While China’s Cultural Revolution officially ended in 1976 with the death of  Chairman Mao Zedong, the more than 3,000 residents of Nanjie, in Central China’s Henan province, continue to live by the principles of Maoism. While the village is reportedly one of China’s wealthiest, having grown its economy by nearly 2,000 fold in just ten years, workers in the village’s factory have agreed to accept a monthly salary of only about $400. In the 1980s, when the rest of China was opening up to the capitalist market, Nanjie chose to revert to the system of collective ownership taught by Mao.

Nanjie Commune Gate. Gary Lee Todd. CC0 1.0

Nanjie is small, comprising about two dozen factories and several main streets. Mao Zedong’s face is displayed all over the village in the form of billboards, posters and framed portraits. A giant statue of the Cultural Revolution’s late leader can be found in the middle of the town’s main square, the “East is Red” Square. On each side of the looming statue are portraits of four other famous communists: Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin. North of the square stands the traditional-style Chaoyang Gate, decorated with a portrait of Sun Yat-sen.

In the square, a speech from Mao is played on a perpetual loop. New party members take their oaths in the square. On National Day, all couples in the village get married in a single collective ceremony and bow to the statue of Chairman Mao. As a wedding gift, they receive copies of Mao’s “Little Red Book.”

Nanjie Commune. Gary Lee Todd. CC0 1.0

The village's economy is dominated by collective ownership and management of all production and rationing supplies like coal, cooking oil, candy and even cigarettes. Residents are awoken each morning by “Dongfang Hong” (“The East is Red”), the de facto anthem of the Cultural Revolution, playing over loudspeakers. While some residents have chosen to leave the village in pursuit of capitalist success, many prefer the commune lifestyle free from the stress of higher living costs and housing loans. 

Exterior of Nanjie Commune Apartments. Gary Lee Todd. CC0

Interior of Nanjie Commune Apartment. Gary Lee Todd. CC0 1.0

Since the 90s, almost all village inhabitants have been living in collectively built apartments, with rent often funded by welfare. Every month, each resident receives vouchers of about $13 to cover the cost of food and groceries at the village’s commune-style supermarket. Locals also receive free healthcare and education.

Nanjie Commune Greenhouse. Gary Lee Todd. CC0

Nanjie even has a theme park dedicated to the history of the Chinese Communist Party, featuring re-creations of significant historical events and a $1.2 million greenhouse. The garden houses more than 500 flower species and 10,000 plants, as well as sculptures of animals like kangaroos and dinosaurs. Aside from the theme park and the greenhouse, the village also houses five parks, a zoo, a small artificial mountain set with bridges over a moat, a large swimming center and a grand mosque. While the village itself might be small, its historic, almost museum-like preservation, unique cultural heritage and the pride that locals take in their way of life make for a fascinating window into a bygone era.

GETTING THERE

Traveling to the collective is not difficult. From Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan province, buses (Y31; two hours) run south to Linying every hour between 6:40 am and 6:10 pm local time. From Linying it is a 1.2-mile walk south to Nanjie on the east side of the road. Taxi cabs are also available. Hotels are available in Nanjie and the surrounding areas.

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Rebecca Pitcairn

Rebecca studies Italian Language and Literature, Classical Civilizations, and English Writing at the University of Pittsburgh. She hopes to one day attain a PhD in Classical Archeology. She is passionate about feminism and climate justice. She enjoys reading, playing the lyre, and longboarding in her free time. 

Tunisia: Discover Ancient Rome in North Africa

Thousands of years later, Tunisia’s rich history as part of the Roman empire is still on display.

A view of Carthage Palace in Tunisia. Farah Jack Mustaklem. CC BY-SA 4.0

For many, the word “Rome” evokes images of the city in Italy. Its days as the center of one of the largest empires in history ended millennia ago, and today, popular culture has largely moved on, TikTok memes aside. But the Roman Empire was far bigger than many now imagine, stretching well into the modern-day Middle East and across North Africa. Today, the empire’s ruins remain visible in the furthest reaches of its territories.

Tunisia, for instance, is home to a wealth of ancient Roman history. Sitting on the edge of the Sahara Desert, the African nation has found fame with tourists who admire its gorgeous beaches. However, beyond the nation’s natural beauty and high-quality resort towns, Tunisia's territory was once at the very heart of the Roman empire in Africa. Ranging from the remains of villages to the shell of the great city of Carthage, ancient ruins dot the country’s landscape. Almost every major city features ancient Roman artwork, architecture and history. While Tunisia is gorgeous in its own right, the country possesses a richer history than almost anywhere else in the world.

The best-preserved example of Imperial Rome’s presence in Tunisia is El Jem. Estimated to have held up to 35,000 people at once, El Jem is not only the largest amphitheater in Africa but one of the largest in the world. Incredibly, the entire building is supported by stone arches, the edifice resting on a flat plain with no hills or rises for balance. The structure’s underground passages also remain largely intact, and tours are led daily through the entire grounds of the colosseum.

A panoramic view of El Jem. Diego Delso. CC BY-SA 4.0

Another incredible part of history hidden away just outside the Sahara is the ancient city of Sbeitla, home to some of the  best-preserved temples from the Byzantine Empire. Outside Sbeitla, visitors can also tour the ruins of Byzantine public baths, a Roman Forum that houses ancient temples to Minerva, Jupiter and Juno, and a series of Catholic basilicas.

The Roman Forum in Sbeitla. Dennis Jarvis. CC BY 2.0

In addition to its ancient history, Tunisia provides visitors with the unique opportunity to visit the Sahara Desert. Numerous tour companies offer frequent excursions into the desert on camelback. These tours range from day trips to two or more days of camping and bivouacking in traditional Bedouin style. These tours are a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to experience the lifestyle of the nomadic tribes local to Tunisia.

A camelback tour of the Sahara Desert. Vaida Tamošauskaitė. CC0

Despite all of the wonderful experiences that Tunisia presents, there are notable risks to visiting the country as a tourist. As of May 2024, the US Department of State issued a Level 2 travel advisory. This marker warns tourists to avoid certain areas due to increased terrorist activity in countries around Tunisia and the newly declared military zone south of the city of Remada. However, the majority of the country is still considered mostly safe to visit, with only select  locations listed at Level 4 or “do not travel.” Tourists should mind the precautions listed in the advisory.

Visitors to Tunisia may be advised to stay in the country’s capital Tunis, a central location which allows easy access to the majority of the destinations listed above. The city offers a variety of hotel options, with prices ranging from $100-300 a night. More affordable options include the Dar Ya hostel in Tunis (priced at around $40 per night) and rentable apartments (from around $35 a night) located just outside the main city.

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Ryan Livingston

Ryan is a senior at The College of New Jersey, majoring in English and minoring in marketing. Since a young age, Ryan has been passionate about human rights and environmental action and uses his writing to educate wherever he can. He hopes to pursue a career in professional writing and spread his message even further.

4 of UNESCO’s Newly Named World Heritage Sites

Take a closer look at four of UNESCO's most important new World Heritage Sites.

UNESCO building in Paris, France. Fred Romero. CC BY 2.0

The role of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is to contribute to peace and development around the world, a goal it has embraced through the establishment of numerous World Heritage sites. Located across the globe, these prestigious locations are hand-picked by the agency to retain their immense natural and/or cultural significance. Popular World Heritage sites include the Taj Mahal, the Great Barrier Reef, the Great Pyramid of Giza and the Serengeti National Park. Spanning across 168 countries, there are currently 1223 properties marked as UNESCO World Heritage sites. In alignment with the 1972 World Heritage Convention, UNESCO continues to hold annual meetings to decide what new locations they will adopt to their list. According to UNESCO, the Convention unites the importance of, “nature conservation and the preservation of cultural properties.” The World Heritage Committee’s selection process is centered around a set of policies referred to as the “Five C’s”: credibility, conservation, capacity-building, communication and communities. It is through the analysis of these characteristics that UNESCO establishes a yearly list of exceptional locations worthy of preservation for the continual appreciation of humanity. This year, the 46th session of the World Heritage Committee took place in New Delhi, India during the week of July 21. The session was live-streamed and recorded, providing full transparency to the public on the Committee’s decision to name 24 new World Heritage sites. Below is a closer look at a few of this year’s additions.

Nelson Mandela Legacy Sites, South Africa

Robben Island. South African Tourism. CC BY 2.0

Representing the “legacy of the South African struggle for human rights, liberation, and reconciliation”, the Nelson Mandela Legacy Sites were recently inducted into UNESCO’s list.  The Legacy Sites are broken into 14 parts, each place with a special significance. For example, the Sharpeville sites commemorate the massacre of 69 protestors of the Pass Laws which restricted the free movement of Black South Africans in 1952. Other spots include the Mqhekezweni Great Place and the Union Buildings in Pretoria, now the official location of South Africa’s government. 

Nelson Mandela Museum in Soweto, South African Tourism, CC By 2.0

Spanning across South Africa, visitors can visit anywhere from one to all fourteen sites. With an entry fee of about $9 per adult, the Apartheid Museum features interactive exhibits and personal stories detailing South Africa’s history. Robben Island, where Mandela was imprisoned for 18 years, offers guided water tours at $22 per person.

Charaideo Maidams, India

Charaideo Maidam. Mozzworld. CC BY-SA 4.0

Created by the Ahoms, an ethnic group in Northern India that once possessed its own indigenous kingdom, “maidams” are large mounds built atop graves. Constructed over a “hollow vault” of earth, these “mounded burial grounds” served as burial grounds for Ahom royalty. This year, Assam’s Charaideo Maidam, a royal burial complex of approximately 90 maidams established over a period of 600 years, was recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Spokespeople from the World Heritage Committee’s advisory board ICOMOS proclaimed that, “The [maidams] are an exceptional example of an Ahom necropolis that represents funeral traditions and associated beliefs in a tangible way.” In addition to royals and significant members of Ahom society, maidams may also contain food, horses, elephants, and sometimes the bodies of queens and servants.

Group of four smaller maidams, Dhruba Jyoti Deka, CC BY-SA 3.0

The Charaideo Maidams’ visiting hours are between 9:30 AM to 5:00 PM. According to the Directorate of Archaeology in the Government of Assam, a full tour of the site takes approximately two and half hours. Visitors can purchase entry tickets online ahead of time or on-site for about $3. With public transportation, the Charaideo Maidams is  approximately an hour away from Sivasagar, the closest major city.

Badain Jaran Desert, China

Badain Jaran Desert. Rita Willaert. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

The Badain Jaran Desert can be found in the Alashan Plateau of northwestern China’s desert region. According to UNESCO, “the property stands out with its high density of mega-dunes, intersected with interdunal lakes.” The site’s unique geologic features, “include the world’s tallest, stabilized sand mega-dune (relative relief of 460 meters)’ and the largest expanse of “singing sands” (so-called due to resonance caused by wind moving dry and loose sand). China Discovery classifies the unique terrain of the desert into “five wonders”: the sandy peaks, singing dunes, colorful lakes, clear springs and an ancient temple. At just over 30,000 square miles, the site is the third largest desert in China. 

Dunes in Badain Jaran Desert.. Zhoarby. CC BY-SA 3.0

The desert can only be accessed by jeep, with the Zhangye Travel Guide warning travelers of the local agency's monopoly on desert travel The desert features specific tourist attractions, including the Pearl Lake of the Badain Jaran Desert, the Yinderitu (A Magic Spring) and Bilutu Dune, the world’s highest sand dune. The starting fee for entrance into the Badain Jaran Desert is about $30 and $11 for the Badain Lake, not accounting for additional fees for accommodation and guided desert tours.

Flow Country, United Kingdom

View of peatlands in the Flow Country. Andrew Tryon. CC BY-SA 2.0

The first peatlands to be recognized as a World Heritage Site, the Flow Country in Scotland is a massive bog storing about 400 million tons of carbon. A “globally rare” habitat, the Flow Country is immensely environmentally significant. In the Flow Country, carbon is trapped and stored in dead vegetation, preventing it from being released into the atmosphere and causing further environmental harm. Professor Mike Robinsons on the Culture at United Kingdom National Commission for UNESCO highlighted the importance of the site’s environmental impact in its official naming: “World Heritage status recognises the global importance of the Flow Country and its peat bogs, not only as important ecosystem for wildlife, but also through their carbon storage, as a critical defense against the impact of climate change.” 

Closer view of a peat pool. Steve Neal. CC BY-SA 2.0

In the Flow Country, there are numerous experiences for interested visitors. The Forsinard Flows Visitor Center features exhibitions and educational films about the area. Nearby the center is the Lochan Dub Trail, a one-mile loop weaving through peat pools and sections of the blanket bog. A longer trail option would be the Forsinain Trail four miles north of the Forsinard train station. For those hoping for a less outdoorsy visit, the Far North Railway Line travels through the Flow Country as well.

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Aanya Panyadahundi

Aanya Panyadahundi Aanya is a student at the University of Michigan studying sociology and journalism on a pre-law path. She loves to travel the world whenever she can, always eager to learn more about the different cultures and societies around her. In her free time, she likes to play the violin, ski, and listen to podcasts.

Hot Spots: 6 Volcanic Adventures Around the Globe

Volcanoes are spectacular natural phenomena, drawing millions of adventurers from far and wide hoping to catch a glimpse of their awesome power.

Lava flowing from a volcano in Iceland. Global Panorama. CC BY-SA 2.0

Volcanic destinations around the world have drawn visitors for centuries, and despite the risks, volcanic tourism has been on the rise since the COVID-19 pandemic. While destinations like Hawaii, Iceland and Italy often take center stage in discussions of volcanic tourism, there are many more incredible destinations around the world.

1. Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica

Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica. smilla4. CC BY-NC 2.0

The Arenal Volcano towers over the northern lowlands of Costa Rica, offering incredible sights and activities to travelers. Until 2010, the Arenal Volcano was a destination for thrill-seekers hoping to witness eruptions and lava flow, although it has since fallen into a resting phase. 

While the recent dormancy has been disappointing for visitors hoping to see lava, the Arenal Volcano continues to present engaging activities and spectacular views. While visiting the area, adventurers can hike, relax in the hot springs, and spend time along the numerous lakes and rivers.

2. Mount Batur, Indonesia

Mount Batur, Indonesia. _paVan_. CC BY 2.0

In Bali's Kintamani province stands Mount Batur, an active volcano renowned for hiking activities. In order to hike Mount Batur, travelers are strongly advised to hire a tour guide through the official Association Of Mount Batur Trekking Guides. The trip from the base to the summit can take one to two hours.

Sunrise is the most popular time to hike Mount Batur. As visitors gather on the summit to soak up the sunrise, vendors can be found using volcanic steam to boil eggs and cook noodles for hungry travelers. Along the road from Mount Batur to the Batur Caldera Lake, adventurers can visit the Ulun Danu Batur temple and several hot springs.

3. Mount Etna, Italy

Mount Etna, Italy. Naval S. CC BY-NC 2.0

As one of the world’s tallest and most active volcanoes and the tallest volcano in Europe, Mount Etna has long been a hot spot for travelers visiting Sicily. Mount Etna first erupted 570,000 years ago, making it a gem for geological historians and interested travelers alike.

Travelers can find guided tours that depart from several locations including Taormina, Catania and Messina. After arriving at Mount Etna, tours begin with a cable car ride that reaches almost ten thousand feet. From there, travelers can choose to proceed in a tour by car or on foot. For hikers, the recommended time to visit is March through September.

4. Piton de la Fournaise, Reunion Island, France 

Piton de la Fournaise, France. Flickr @BOENE75. CC BY-SA 2.0

Located on Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean, the Piton de la Fournaise is an iconic volcano and Reunion’s most popular attraction. Despite its status as an active volcano, the Piton de la Fournaise is open to everyone regardless of age and draws about 400,000 visitors every year.

Travelers can venture from the coast to the summit on foot or by car, and there are even lava tunnels open for exploration. During a three-and-a-half-hour tour of the lava tunnels, travelers can witness the halls and galleries created by a lava flow in 2004. To learn about the science and history of Piton de la Fournaise, travelers can also visit the Cite du Volcan Museum. 

5. Stromboli, Italy

Stromboli Village, Italy. Johannes Zielcke. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

One of seven volcanic islands in the Aeolian Archipelago north of Sicily, Stromboli is home to one of the most active volcanoes in the world. The volcano, which locals call Iddu, has left on-lookers in awe for thousands of years. Stromboli is full of breathtaking contrasts, from the white houses surrounded by black sand beaches to the lava against the night sky.

Travelers can take guided tours by boat or on foot. Booking a guided tour is essential considering Stromboli is very active and involves risk. Despite the active status of the volcano, hundreds of visitors are drawn to view the lava glow during sunset. 

6. Thrihnukagigur Volcano, Iceland 

Inside the Thrihnukagigur Volcano lava chamber. Miki Jourdan. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

At the Thrihnukagigur Volcano in Iceland, adventurous travelers can visit the only accessible lava chamber on the planet. Translated to “Three Peaks Crater”, Thrihnukagigur is a low-risk destination that has been dormant for over 4,000 years. The three peaks of Thrihnukagigur formed from three separate eruptions thousands of years ago. 

The crater of the Thrihnukagigur Volcano is so deep the Statue of Liberty could fit inside. The bottom of the crater dates back to 30 to 40 thousand years ago, approximately the beginning of modern humankind. Since the volcano went dormant, the lava chamber at the heart of the volcano emptied, allowing visitors to glimpse this rare geologic gem.

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Madison Paulus

Madison is a student at George Washington University studying international affairs, journalism, mass communication, and Arabic. Born and raised in Seattle, Washington, Madison grew up in a creative, open-minded environment. With passions for human rights and social justice, Madison uses her writing skills to educate and advocate. In the future, Madison hopes to pursue a career in science communication or travel journalism.

5 Must-Visit Speakeasies Across the Globe

Inspired by the American Prohibition era, speakeasies exist in the most unconventional places today.

Liquor raid by sheriff’s department circa 1925. Gleason W. Romer. CC0

Prohibition was a result of the 18th amendment of the U.S. Constitution in 1919, which stated that, “The manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited,” within a years time. The amendment marked a political move that brought dismay to many citizens. Daniel Okrent, author of "Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition," argues that, “Prohibition became the same sort of political football that people on either side would use trying to struggle to get it towards their goal, which was control of the country," with politicians using the ban and the controversies around it to push other agendas.

Although Prohibition was mainly an American phenomenon, many countries around the world have made, or are currently making, attempts to limit alcohol consumption. Currently, Nordic countries concerned with their citizens’ alcohol intake are resorting to alcohol monopolies, marketing bans and higher taxation to combat it. Japan also struggles with alcoholism, with 60% of alcoholics being businessmen that drink socially to help their careers. With alcohol consumption quadrupling in Japan since 1960, private treatment centers and halfway houses have been popping up to combat the issue.

One of the most recognizable institutions of the Prohibition era was the speakeasies. A speakeasy was a place where alcohol was illegally sold, usually underground or at least out of view due to the danger posed to workers, owners and patrons. Although the 18th amendment was repealed in 1933, speakeasies still exist throughout the United States and the world today. Listed below are five notable and currently operating speakeasies from various major cities.

Evans and Peel Detective Agency 

London, England

Bartop and Evans and Peel. Jan Mark Holzer. CC By 2.0.

Located in Chelsea, Evans and Peel is a detective-themed speakeasy. Appointments are booked through the company's website, which tells prospective visitors, “We’re Evans & Peel, a highly renowned Detective duo who operate from our hidden Agency in Chelsea, London. Go beyond our facade and discover our famous secret.” People are given the option to customize their experience, sending the detective agency information about the “case” they wish to consult on. To enter the bar, customers have to ring a buzzer to enter a fake detective’s office and stay in character, explaining that they have, “an appointment with the detective.” They are then guided down a staircase to consult with the detective. Emily Gray from "The Handbook"  recalls that, “The Agatha Christie fan that I am, I went into a long story about losing a very expensive earring that had been stolen from a jeweler in the 1920’s (apparently most people say they’ve just lost their cat).” Evans and Peel's drink menu is also outlaw themed, with most of its special cocktails based on some of the biggest real and fictional superstar criminals like Thomas “Tommy” Shelby, Bill McCoy and Al Capone. The "agency" claims to make the “World’s Best Old Fashioned.”

‘Al Capone’ themed drink on the menu. Evans and Peel.

Located at: 310c Earls Court Road, London, SW5 9BA, England

Bank Bar 

Manila, Philippines

Manila skyline at night. Thomas Yie. CC BY 2.0

In keeping with its name, the Bank Bar in Metro Manila's Bonifacio Global City has set up shop in the RBCB Savings Bank Corporate Center. A bouncer is waiting inside, next to a small door which opens into a fake stockroom that patrons walk through to enter the bar. Once in, there is a calming and luxurious ambiance. Erica Jahn notes in her review that, “The velvet sofa and candles on the marble table make the place attractive and intimate.” The bar advertises its own drinks drinks as including, “ Inventive cocktails and the widest selection of any bar in Manila” Although located in the Philippines, much of the bar's menu has an American theme. Bank Bar offers pasta, pizza, burgers, steaks, fried chicken and more American classics. The establishment is far from a simple American outpost, however, offering among other indigenous options Chicharon Bulaklak, a traditional Filipino appetizer and street food. Visitors are asked to call ahead and reserve their spots because space is limited and can fill up quickly.

Located at: 26th and 25th Street G/F RCBC Savings Bank Corporate Center, Taguig City, Luzon 1934, Philippines

Janai Coffee 

Tokyo, Japan

Interior of Janai Coffee. Junki Yoshida.

This Tokyo speakeasy takes on the guise of a traditional coffee bar, hidden behind a secret doorway only the barista knows how to access. At first glance, Janai's website sticks with the coffee theme, offering to-go cups, explaining seasonal coffee bean selection, all while subtly hinting that it might offer more: “We don’t just want to serve coffee. Forget about time. Stop measuring. Don’t compare yourself to others. Take time to relax and forget about your daily routine. A place where you can forget about your daily routine and enjoy coffee to your heart’s content without thinking about anything else.” There is a secret puzzle that has to be solved on their website before being able to make a reservation (a hint—look at the logo). The flipside states their mission as a speakeasy and adds that, “This bar has a wide selection of alcohol that the staff all tasted and selected together. Even if you are not an expert, even if the taste is difficult, you can enjoy Janai Coffee for some ‘just because’ reason such as the cute label or the interesting name.”

Espresso martini from Janai Coffee’s bar, Junki Yoshida.

Located at: 2-3-13 Ebisu, Shibuya, Tokyo, 150-0022

Moonshiner 

Paris, France

Bartop at Moonshiner, Fiamma Brighi. 

Continuing the theme of being hidden behind a conventional storefront, the Moonshiner’s entrance is through Da Vito, a small pizza parlor in Paris. The joint's website tells potential visitors, “Shhhh, listen up, music is filtering behind this wall … lower your voice, lighten your steps, and push the door to the cold room … we’ll see you on the other side!” To enter, guests walk into the pizza parlor and head directly to the steel door of a fake meat locker at the back. This speakeasy in particular tends to attract a younger crowd of twenty-to-thirty-year-olds, and a combination of travelers and locals. Their drinks range from classic cocktails like Old Fashioneds to more novel and creative options like “Money Time” or “Back to Basil.” As it is a small space, the bar tends to get very busy. Sara Lieberman from Conde Nast Traveler notes that, “Despite it looking like the type of place you want to sit and sip luxuriously, unless you get there early be prepared to stand and hover over those with seats until other bar-goers finally get up (IF they get up!).” Many bar goers are just stopping by for a drink while waiting for the pizza they ordered on the way in, with Liberman also explaining that, “Moonshiner and the pizza parlor out front—Da Vito—--are more or less one in the same, so if you’re hungry, put your name on the list when you arrive and head to the back for a drink while you wait.”

Old Fashioned at the Back Room. Fiamma Brighi.

Located at: 5 rue Sedaine, 75011, Paris, France.

The Back Room 

New York City, United States

The entrance to the Back Room, Troy Hahn.

Finally, located in the heart of the Big Apple, the Back Room is a speakeasy in New York that has been operating since the Prohibition era. Disguised as  the "Lower East Side Toy Company,"  the Back Room is hidden down a secret staircase in a narrow corridor. There are no clear indications to the entrance and a variety of staircases are involved before visitors find themselves at the door of the bar. In order to enter, a weekly password from the official Bank Room website is required. Once entered, the bartenders serve drinks in a traditional Prohibition-era style—cocktails are served in teacups and beers in brown paper bags, disguising their true contents. The Back Room was predated by Ratner’s Backroom, which was opened in 1908 in the same location. Owner Johnny Barounis has said that it used to be a popular meeting spot for many Jewish gangsters due to its convenient location, saying, “If somebody came in and was being double crossed or there was a hit going on, there were so many different ways out if you knew the space. You could [even] hop the roofs all the way to Rivington.” The general appearance of the Back Room is luxurious, straying away from the traditional rough appearance speakeasies had due to fear that cops would overturn the establishment at any given point. Barouis calls it, “My bastardized version of these old 1920s ballrooms fused with a speakeasy.” The decor incorporates 1920s cigarette dispensers, mutoscopes, chandeliers, hardwood floors and other period-accurate details. 

The Back Room’s luxurious decor, Troy Hahn.

Located at: 102 Norfolk Street, New York City, NY, 10002-3310

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Aanya Panyadahundi

Aanya Panyadahundi Aanya is a student at the University of Michigan studying sociology and journalism on a pre-law path. She loves to travel the world whenever she can, always eager to learn more about the different cultures and societies around her. In her free time, she likes to play the violin, ski, and listen to podcasts.

Sweden’s Unique Icehotels

From ice rooms to outdoor experiences, Sweden’s Icehotels provide a unique stay for travelers interested in the outdoors.

Entrance to Icehotel. Markus Bernet. CC BY-SA 2.5

A trip to Sweden may entail many unique experiences, but very little can parallel a stay at Icehotel in Jukkasjarvi. Located in the land region and 200km north of the Arctic Circle, the hotel was established in 1989 as the world’s first ice hotel, with the goal to, “Create life enriching experiences." A unique venue for hospitality, the ice hotel is structurally similar to an igloo. Ice and stagnant air both have very low thermal conductivity, limiting the heat transferred from the outdoors and keeping the structures from melting. The travel group Transun explains that, “The ice structure stops heat being transferred to the surroundings, because the ice and the windless air are both excellent insulators. The buildings depend on sub-freezing temperatures and usually melt in summer, rebuilt again from fresh ice every year.” 

On its site, the Icehotel group writes about the central theme of storytelling it hopes to achieve with its establishments: “Our inspiration is the Arctic and the delicate beauty of crafting something that is ephemeral yet engaging all your senses," creating its edifices with ice taken from the Torne River. With each winter, new artists are given the opportunity to showcase their talents through the Icehotel. The same river is also the source of the crystal-clear ice furniture that adorns both the original Icehotel and the new Icehotel 365, a newer project from the same brand to offer more to travelers all year.

Travel Agency "Discover the World" recommends that, although elements of Icehotel are now open year-round, the best time to visit is, “During the winter months when it is blanketed in snow, the air outside is crisp and cold and the Northern Lights might make an appearance.” For Sweden, this is from December to early April, the months when the original Icehotel is constructed and open. During this time, the Icehotel has between fifteen and twenty standard ice rooms and twelve art suites for guests to stay in. Johan Larsson, the standard ice rooms’ artist, explains that he chose to incorporate an ice bed and decor because, “I wanted to create a feeling of being embraced and protected by the ice—a good night’s sleep for all guests.” The art suites are a step up from the standard rooms. Each suite is designed by an artist who has creative freedom to choose their own themes and styles. Icehotel says that, “The artist, perhaps from Kiruna, Germany, UK, or the US has been picked from over two hundred applicants and invited to make the suite you’ll be sleeping in.” Art suites are kept between 18 and 23 degrees fahrenheit. Because of their icy cold atmosphere, all rooms have special accommodations like thermal sleeping bags, reindeer hides and curtains in place of doors. Guests are given access to Riverside, a heated lobby, for changing rooms, toilets and saunas.

Art Suite in Icehotel. Rob Alter. CC BY 2.0

When planning a stay, guests are offered a choice of warm or cold accommodations. Warm rooms are like a standard hotel room and are located in a separate building. Icehotel recommends that guests spend just one night in the cold while booking a warm room for the rest of their trip, and provides special, insulated sleeping bags for guests to keep warm. The company also encourages appropriate sleepwear—thermal underwear, hats, warm jumpers, etc. Transun notes that, , although sleeping in a room made of ice might sound unpleasant, the right clothing and sleeping bags can keep guests warm as long as the outdoor temperature stays above -13 degrees Fahrenheit. Visitors can still arrange tours if they choose not to spend the night. Icehotel can accommodate up to five people in its largest warm rooms and two people in each of its cold rooms.

Standard Ice Room. Xraijs. CC BY-NC 2.0

Even during the summer months, the Icehotel brand still has much to offer interested travelers. Icehotel 365 was first opened in December 2016 as a year long ice experience. The building is a permanent, 2100 square meter art hall, maintaining interior sub-zero temperatures by relying on cool solar power throughout the year. Its art hall contains a collection of traditional art while the building is also home to deluxe suites, an ice bar and experience rooms that depict Icehotel’s history. Additionally, guests can enjoy Torne River rafting, private fishing tours, a ropes course, mountain hikes, and, of course, the Northern Lights.

Despite being a large tourist attraction, sustainability is central to Icehotel’s methods. The organization writes that, “We borrow the ice from the Torne River to build a new, seasonal Icehotel, which eventually melts and returns back to its origin in the spring. The basic idea of Icehotel is built on the premise of the environmental cycle, and our relation to the water and the ice is central.” The company also works with River Rescuers, an activist group protecting “The untouched waters of Sweden,” and regularly makes donations to WaterAid to assist water health throughout Sweden.

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Aanya Panyadahundi

Aanya is a student at the University of Michigan studying sociology and journalism on a pre-law path. She loves to travel the world whenever she can, always eager to learn more about the different cultures and societies around her. In her free time, she likes to play the violin, ski, and listen to podcasts.

Hiking with Dinosaurs in Argentina

Argentina's Talampaya and Ischigualasto Parks contain between them the most complete continental fossil record of the Triassic Period, and a record of early humanity. 

Valle de la Luna. Rodoluca. CC BY-SA 3.0

In the heart of Argentina, the Ischigualasto and Talampaya Natural Parks are a gateway to a prehistoric world. Situated on the border between the provinces of San Juan and La Rioja, in Argentina's Monte ecoregion, a warm scrub desert along the Eastern Andean foothills, these contiguous parks contain a plethora of geological marvels, ancient history and stunning desert landscapes for visitors to explore. 

Ischigualasto Rock Formations. Rita Willaert. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

Ischigualasto and Talampaya stretch over most of the sedimentary basin of the Ischigualasto-Villa Union Triassic, a geologic basin of great scientific importance which formed during the Triassic Period, approximately 250 to 200 million years ago. The basin contains a sequence of six layers of continental fossiliferous sandstone and mudstone sediments deposited by rivers, lakes and swamps, providing the world’s most complete and undisturbed picture of the geological history of the Triassic Period. 

The geological record helps us understand the evolution of vertebrate life and the nature of palaeoenvironments in the Triassic, the era that ushered in the Age of the Dinosaurs. Fossil records of at least 100 species of plants, 56 known genera and many more species of vertebrates, such as fish, amphibians, and a great variety of reptiles and direct mammalian ancestors, including the early dinosaur Eoraptor, have been found in the park. 

Guanacos, Ischigualasto National Park. Rita Willaert. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

Radiocarbon dating suggests that humans occupied the area approximately 2,590-950 years ago. At Ischigualasto, six rock art sites have been discovered, along with burial sites, campgrounds and tool-making areas, as well as 1500-year-old petroglyphs (images carved into rock). The petroglyphs depict, among other things, geometric human figures, animals and a radiating sun figure. Animal and human footprints have also been found in the art, mainly puma, rhea and guanaco prints. 

Valle della Luna. Guslight. CC BY-NC 2.0

One of Ischigualasto's main attractions is the Valle della Luna (Valley of the Moon). The valley, located near the provincial capital of San Juan, is famous for its unique and otherworldly landscapes. The valley is composed of rugged badlands of bizarrely shaped multicolored rocks and a floor of barren gray-white volcanic clay. Two hundred and thirty million years ago, the desert was a volcanically active floodplain, crisscrossed by rivers and subjected to seasonal heavy rainfalls. Petrified tree trunks more than 130 feet tall are a record of the ancient vegetation. These days the stark desert vista has sparse vegetation, xeric shrubs, cacti, the occasional tree and several rare species of flora and fauna. 

The Canon de Talampaya (Talampaya Gorge) is Talampaya’s main attraction. The red sandstone walls of the canyon and the surrounding cliffs reach up to 656 feet. The landscape has been deeply eroded by watercourses, a testament to the artistry of nature. These days the area is usually dry, but flash floods powerful enough to move large boulders have been known to strike the area.

Ischigualasto National Park. Benjamin Dumas. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

Before Spain began its conquest of South America, the area that now makes up the parks was inhabited by several groups of Indigenous people who lived as semi-nomadic hunters and gatherers, including the Diaguita and Huarpes.

The Ischigualasto and Talampaya Parks are more than just sites of great natural beauty. They are a journey into the history of this planet. Their spectacular geological formations, unparalleled scientific significance and cultural heritage have rightfully earned them a place on UNESCO’s list of World Heritage sites.

GETTING THERE

Fellow travelers recommend reaching the parks by taking an airplane to Villa Union, the closest neighboring city. From there you can rent a car, and it is about a 40-minute drive to Talampaya. You could also stay in La Rioja, which is about a 2-hour drive from the parks. Rough camping is permitted in the buffer zone at Ischigualasto Park, which has a small visitor center with an interpretive display, four toilets and a single ranger’s residence. Small buffet food services are available at both parks. Walking trails and interpretive signs are scarce. There are full-service facilities, lodging, commerce and medical care in the nearby towns of San Agustin in San Juan Province and Patquja and Villa Union in La Rioja Province. There are agencies in La Rioja and Villa Union that offer guided tours of the park.

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Rebecca Pitcairn

Rebecca studies Italian Language and Literature, Classical Civilizations, and English Writing at the University of Pittsburgh. She hopes to one day attain a PhD in Classical Archeology. She is passionate about feminism and climate justice. She enjoys reading, playing the lyre, and longboarding in her free time. 

6 of August's Hottest Music Festivals

From the U.S. to Hungary, music festivals have blossomed over recent decades and now attract millions of people from around the world every year.

Music festival performance. Veld Music Festival. CC BY-SA 2.0

Since the origins of music festivals sprung up in ancient Greece in 582 BC, these lively events have evolved from local music and sports competitions to globally renowned happenings. During August, many people flock to these festivals to experience remarkable performances accompanied by the summer weather.

Boomtown Festival, England

Performers at the 2006 Boomtown Festival, UK. Dimi15. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

With over 50 venues, a dozen main stages and thousands of performers, the Boomtown Festival located near Winchester in the United Kingdom brings eight city districts to life from August 7 to 11, 2024. The lineup is often kept a mystery until right before the festival, but the Boomtown Festival generally incorporates all kinds of genres into the lineup, from folk music to EDM.

Festival-goers are encouraged to camp overnight. Every ticket provides access to the Campsite Villages located throughout the festival. For eco-conscious attendees, the Boomtown Festival offers upgraded Green Transport Citizen Entry Tickets at a discounted rate for those who arrive via public transport.

Burning Man, U.S.

Burning Man, 2013. Chayna Girling. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

From August 25 to September 2, 2024, tens of thousands of people will come together in Nevada’s Black Rock Desert for the notorious Burning Man music festival. The theme for Burning Man 2024 is "Curiouser & Curiouser," inviting participants to explore their curiosities and wonders. The lineup has not yet been released, but Burning Man is known to host artists from many different genres.

Burning Man evolved from a spontaneous event on a San Francisco beach in 1986, when Larry Harvey and Jerry James drew a crowd to burn a wooden man in celebration of the Summer Solstice. Since then, Burning Man has become an official event that has attracted as many as 75,000 people. Ticket prices range greatly, from $225 tickets for low-income participants who qualify for the Ticket Aid Program, to $2,500 for early-bird FOMO Tickets. The Main Sale tickets cost $575 in addition to a $150 vehicle pass.

Creamfields, England

2005 Creamfields music festival, UK. Edith Adasme. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

From August 22 to 25, 2024, Creamfields will return to Daresbury, UK, for another electrifying multi-day music festival. Since its origins as a weekly house music night called Cream, the event has transformed from a cozy club night into an iconic music festival that attracts thousands of attendees each day. 

With each stage dedicated to a different genre, Creamfields attracts lovers of all kinds of music. Dozens of artists will perform throughout the festival, from blk. to Calvin Harris. For an elevated festival experience, Creamfields offers a range of ticket options to suit different preferences and budgets. The ticket costs range from Standard Day Tickets, which cost about $100, to four-day Gold Tickets that cost about $550. 

Edinburgh Fringe Festival, Scotland

Edinburgh Fringe 2011, Scotland. Anriro96. CC BY-NC 2.0

The 2024 Edinburgh Fringe Festival will bring 14 venues to life throughout Edinburgh from August 2 to 26. The origins of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival date back to 1947, when eight theater groups performed on the fringes of the Edinburgh International Festival. Since then, the Edinburgh Fringe has drawn millions of people.

Edinburgh Fringe features thousands of shows, from comedy to music. With many free shows, festival-goers can attend the Edinburgh Fringe Festival regardless of financial status. For those on a budget or with limited travel ability, there are some virtual events that festival-goers can attend as well. 

Lollapalooza, U.S.

Cage the Elephant crowdsurfing at Lollapalooza. Henrique Oli. Wikimedia. CC 3.0

Lollapalooza returns to Chicago’s Grant Park from August 1 to 4, 2024, featuring a star-studded lineup with headliners like SZA, Megan Thee Stallion, The Killers, Blink-182 and Skrillex. Lollapalooza began as a traveling festival in 1991 when founder Perry Farrell envisioned it as a grand farewell for Jane’s Addiction. 

Since then, the festival has found its home in Chicago’s Grant Park, growing from a two-day event into a four-day extravaganza that attracts 100,000 attendees daily. With international outposts in cities like Santiago, São Paulo, Berlin and Mumbai, Lollapalooza’s impact has transcended borders. Ticket prices range from $155 for general admission to $4,500 for platinum two-day tickets. 

Sziget Festival, Hungary

A performance at the Sziget Festival, Hungary. Opethpainter. CC BY 2.0

From August 7 to 12, 2024, the Sziget Festival will transform Budapest into a musical paradise. At the Sziget Festival, festival-goers can witness world-renowned performances by artists like Halsey, Janelle Monáe, Sam Smith, Fred Again, Liam Gallagher, Martin Garrix, Skrillex, Stormzy, Louis Tomlinson and RAYE.

Tickets are available for purchase directly from the website. The ticket prices range from less than a dollar to about $2.50. Families are welcome, and children under 11 can enter free with a child wristband. Basic camping is included with the tickets, allowing festival-goers to set up a tent in any free camping area.

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Madison Paulus

Madison is a student at George Washington University studying international affairs, journalism, mass communication, and Arabic. Born and raised in Seattle, Washington, Madison grew up in a creative, open-minded environment. With passions for human rights and social justice, Madison uses her writing skills to educate and advocate. In the future, Madison hopes to pursue a career in science communication or travel journalism.

Become an Artist-in-Residence at a National Park

Writers, painters and musicians can receive a stipend to create in some of the most majestic landscapes in the US.

Woman painting outdoors. Caroline Veronez. Unsplash

There is a long-running debate over whether to preserve the natural beauty of western landscapes or exploit them. The Artist-in-Residence program many national parks are now offering serves as a compromise, honoring these landscapes and giving back to the parks once inhabited by native tribes. This program provides writers, painters, musicians and other artists the chance to refine their art in some of the country’s most scenic landscapes. Selected artists live in the park and receive a stipend, as well as coverage for food and travel expenses. The stipends can reach up to $5,000, with half of it usually given at the start of the program and half at the end. The program lengths vary, but typically last between two to four weeks. These residencies are inclusive, welcoming artists of all backgrounds and ages (although only legal adults may submit applications). Each artist's primary task is to create art inspired by their natural surroundings and—upon completion of their residency—donate a piece of their work to the park.

Mount Rainier National Park. Lily M. Tang. CC BY-NC-ND 3.0

Artist-in-Residence programs welcome unique projects. Felix, a musician, served as the 2021 Artist-in-Residence at Canaveral National Seashore. His project, Listeners, was a collaborative sonic experience, capturing the park’s soundscape through contributions from people who live, work and visit there. Casey, a food writer, served as the 2022 Artist-in-Residence at Acadia National Park. She released a recipe book, Maine Ingredients: Recipes Inspired by Acadia National Park, crafting dishes using local ingredients and traditional regional cuisine.

These programs give artists the chance to immerse themselves in natural landscapes, gaining insight into the indigenous peoples who occupied western landscapes before us and learning about how their legacies live on today. While some view national parks as a byproduct of white settlement, the Artist-in-Residence program forces us to consider how we can shift the narrative, redirect the focus back onto their original inhabitants. The submission window for applicants is open during the summer, so act now! Keep in mind acceptance rates vary based on the park’s popularity. Check out NPAR openings here.

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Agnes Moser Volland

Agnes is a student at UC Berkeley majoring in Interdisciplinary Studies and minoring in Creative Writing, with a research focus on road trip culture in America. She currently writes for BARE Magazine and Caravan Travel & Style Magazine. She is working on a novel that follows two sisters as they road trip down Highway 40, from California to Oklahoma. In the future, she hopes to pursue a career in journalism, publishing, or research.

Festival de Tango: The Heartbeat of Buenos Aires

Every August, the annual Festival de Tango engulfs the streets of Argentina’s vibrant capital in mesmerizing tango dance, soulful music and rich Argentinian culture.

Performers at Festival de Tango in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. CC BY 2.0

From August 21 to September 1, 2024, the best tango dancers in the world are drawn to the Festival de Tango and the Tango World Cup in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Events during this time of tango span the entire city, offering easy access to travelers regardless of location. Festival-goers have many exciting activities at their fingertips. Beyond viewing the tango competition which features hundreds of world-renowned dancers, visitors can attend film screenings, theater, book readings, tours and more. 

As the birthplace of tango, Argentina is the best place to celebrate. Tango first appeared in bars and dance halls during the 19th century in immigrant communities throughout the Rio de la Plata region that stretches between Uruguay and Argentina. Tango began to globalize during the 1930s and has since become a worldwide phenomenon, with the United Nations recognizing the tango dance as intangible cultural heritage in 2009. 

Tango is a big part of Buenos Aires’ identity. The Festival de Tango began in 2003 as an initiative to increase tourism and cultural appreciation. Throughout the city, there are dozens of dance productions and live music performances. Participants can take it to the next level by becoming Tango dancers themselves at one of the many local Tango classes. Other staple events in Buenos Aires are Tango dance parties called milongas. Classes are often offered before milongas and can also be found at the many world-famous tango schools throughout Buenos Aires. 

For those who prefer listening over dancing, venues such as the Usina de Arte and CCK often host free concerts. To delve even further into tango history and culture, visitors can take a trip to the tango neighborhood called Boedo, which was immortalized in the tango song Sur by Homero Manzi. Many of the Festival de Tango events are free. However, because hundreds of thousands of people often attend Festival de Tango events, it is recommended to reserve space ahead of time or arrive early before activities hit capacity. 

Here are a few Festival de Tango activities to check out:

Participate in immersive tango packages offered by Argentina Tango: $1,659 to $7,245

Attend the Tango World Cup at the Usina del Arte: FREE

Watch tango performances over dinner at the Galeria Guemes Theater: $80

Go out for a tango night with locals with Immersion Tours: $65

Attend private dance classes at several locations throughout Buenos Aires: $35

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Madison Paulus

Madison is a student at George Washington University studying international affairs, journalism, mass communication, and Arabic. Born and raised in Seattle, Washington, Madison grew up in a creative, open-minded environment. With passions for human rights and social justice, Madison uses her writing skills to educate and advocate. In the future, Madison hopes to pursue a career in science communication or travel journalism.

Mallorca and Beyond: Spain’s Balearic Islands

Get to know the lesser-known islands of Menorca, Cabrera and Formentera, alongside the classic Balearics, Mallorca and Ibiza. 

Cala Ratjada. originalpickaxe. CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The Balearic Islands are destinations well-known for their beaches and energetic nightlife. Beyond the impressive coastlines and vibrant parties, visitors will find charming villages, ancient ruins and traditional cuisines that showcase the islands' heritage. From Menorca to Formentera, each island boasts a rich culture and history that makes it distinct and uniquely captivating.

Mallorca

The town of Banyalbufar, Serra de Tramuntana mountains. Vicenç Salvador Torres Guerola. CC BY-SA 4.0.

Mallorca, the largest of Spain's Balearic Islands, is celebrated for its diversity of landscapes, culture and history. The island has historically been a popular vacation spot among travelers for its secluded beaches and coves with turquoise waters, such as those in Cala d'Or and Playa de Muro. However, the island is also known for its dramatic cliffs and mountainous terrain along the Serra de Tramuntana mountain range, just a thirty-minute drive from the island’s capital, Palma. This region of Mallorca is home to intimate villages such as Valldemossa and Deia. Here, the towns are tranquil, filled with olive groves and surviving monastic charterhouses from as early as the 13th century, reminiscent of the island’s historic past and lasting Roman Catholic influence.  

Mallorca’s gastronomy is worth the trip alone, with dishes such as el arros brut, a meat and vegetable rice dish, and el frito mallorquin, an offal and vegetable stew. Another classic dish is the Frit mallorqui, which consists of potatoes tossed in a thickened sauce of onions, garlic, tomatoes and capers. The island is also rich in medieval architecture, being home to the gothic-style Bellver Castle, built in the 14th century for King James II of Majorca, and the renowned Cathedral of Santa Maria, once a mosque converted into a Christian church in 1229.

Menorca

The city of Mahon, Menorca. pxhere. CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

In contrast to Mallorca’s bustling island pace, Menorca is renowned for its peaceful ambiance, enticing beaches and historical heritage. The island's coastline is dotted with secluded coves and crystal blue waters, with stunning beaches like Cala Macarella and Cala Mitjana. Menorca is much smaller than Mallorca, and most of its beaches are hidden 'calas,' or sandy coves between rocky cliffs. The island itself is calmer, with more intimate and relaxed “hippie” nightlife opportunities such as a cave disco in the Cova d’en Xoroi, Menorca’s most famous cave. 

Menorca’s capital, Mahon, features the second-deepest natural harbor in the world alongside charming streets lined with Georgian architecture, reflecting its British colonial past. The island is also well known for its famous Mahon cheese, matured exclusively in Menorca. The local cuisine is characterized by fresh seafood with traditional dishes such as lobster stew, Menorcan sausages and sweet and savory pastries. Additionally, Menorca is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, with a diverse landscape of rolling hills, wetlands and forests, ideal for hiking. This island is quieter than its Balearic counterparts yet is just as abundant in nature, cuisine and architecture.  

 Cabrera

Isla de Cabrera National Park, Mallorca. Tommie Hansen from Stockholm, Sweden, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Cabrera, a serene archipelago of nineteen islets off Mallorca's southern coast, stands out for its untouched natural beauty and ecological diversity. The island’s name, the Spanish word for goat, from a time when the island’s only inhabitants were goats transplanted there by the Romans as an emergency food source. Interestingly, today there are less than 30 permanent residents on the island, making it the largest undeveloped area in the Balearics. Once a hideout for pirates and later a prison for captured soldiers, today Cabrera, or Cabrera National Park, is a protected area that ensures a thriving habitat for numerous bird species and marine life. 

The island's transparent waters make it a prime spot for snorkeling and diving, revealing undisturbed marine ecosystems and caves. Visitors can also explore historical landmarks like the 14th-century Cabrera Castle, which offers sweeping sea views. Unlike its neighboring islands, Cabrera offers a tranquil retreat where nature remains untouched.  

Formentera

Los Pujols, in Formentera. Emanuela Meme Giudic…. CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Formentera, while the smallest of the Balearic Islands, stands out for its calm beaches and clear waters, particularly at Playa de Ses Illetes and Playa de Migjorn. The island’s flat landscape contrasts with Mallorca’s rugged Serra de Tramuntana and Cabrera’s protected wilderness, offering easy exploration by bike or foot. Historical sites like the Cap de Barbaria lighthouse provide a glimpse into Formentera’s past, less grandiose than Mallorca’s Bellver Castle but no less significant. The island’s cuisine is full of dishes such as seafood paella, freshly grilled fish, leg of lamb, figs and local goat and sheep cheese.

Formentera’s charm lies in its blend of serene nature and rich history, providing a unique travel experience distinct from its larger neighbors. Like Menorca, Formentera is a less common destination than its closest counterpart, Ibiza, thus preserving the island’s natural beauty and relaxed pace. The local markets, often buzzing with artisans, offer a taste of the island’s vibrant craft traditions. Additionally, the annual jazz festival brings a rhythm to the island that echoes against the backdrop of the Mediterranean, highlighting its lively yet laid-back cultural scene. 

Ibiza

Sea view, Ibiza Spain. athinaf, CC BY 2.0.

Ibiza, renowned for its vibrant nightlife, is also a bastion of cultural and historical significance. The island’s party scene, with its origins in the countercultural movements of the 1970s, has evolved into a global hub for electronic music, hosting legendary clubs like Pacha and Amnesia. These venues, alongside the annual music festivals, continue to draw international crowds and top-tier DJs, cementing Ibiza’s status as a dance music mecca.

Beyond the beats, Ibiza’s cultural tapestry is rich in history. The Phoenician settlement of Sa Caleta and the necropolis at Puig des Molins are testaments to the island’s ancient maritime trade and significant role in the Mediterranean economy in Antiquity. Dalt Vila, Ibiza Town’s historic center, is a UNESCO World Heritage site that showcases over 2,500 years of history through its Renaissance military architecture and medieval streets. The island’s cuisine offers traditional dishes like bullit de peix, a fish stew, and local desserts such as greixonera. 

Ibiza’s beaches, from the popular Playa d’en Bossa to the tranquil Cala Comte, are celebrated for their white sands and clear waters, providing a natural counterpoint to the island’s bustling nightlife. Each beach offers a unique experience, whether it’s the serene Cala Salada or the lively atmosphere of Ses Salines.

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Julz Vargas

Julz is a student at Wellesley College studying Anthropology and Spanish. She grew up in Los Angeles, CA, and has studied all around the world in places such as Costa Rica, Greece, Iceland, and Spain. She is passionate about employing writing as a tool to explore human connection and diversity. Julz aspires to foster cross-cultural connections through community-based research, amplifying inclusive and diverse media about global cultures, foods, and people, to encourage individuals to engage more wholly with the world.